urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:	edition	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1	writingSession	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.1	p	my correspondence has inevitably <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />fallen into such confusion for the last 12 months, & so many of my <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />letters have been lost, that i am almost afraid to think how long <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />a time may have elapsed, since you heard from me: – much longer, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />i know it is, than it ought to have been, under any circumstances, & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />especially as i have never thanked you for the distinguished place <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />you are said to have given to my name in your new edition of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="a8407d42-d7c5-43de-807d-42d7c573de4a" corresp="#d4948b38-55fa-4d07-948b-3855fa5d072b" type="editorialnote"><hi rendition="#u">aspects of nature</hi></ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="d4948b38-55fa-4d07-948b-3855fa5d072b" corresp="#a8407d42-d7c5-43de-807d-42d7c573de4a" type="editorial"><bibl corresp="https://edition-humboldt.de/mu3fguxf">humboldt 1849a</bibl>.</note>. my copy of this work has not reached me, but <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />i am well aware that i ought to be very grateful, & to feel highly hon<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />ored. i have very much to thank you for, during many years.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.2	p	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.2.1	table	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.2.1.1	row	<cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">1.</cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">kinchin-junga</placename><choice> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice></cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><measure quantity="28148" unit="foot">28,148. feet.</measure> (accurately measured.)</cell>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.2.1.2	row	<cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">2.</cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a mountain in about <lb />86°. 30′ <choice> <abbr>e.</abbr> <expan>east</expan> </choice> <choice> <abbr>long.</abbr> <expan>longitude</expan> </choice></cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">—</cell>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.2.1.3	row	<cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">3.</cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0018439 https://www.geonames.org/1279688">gossain-than</placename></cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">—</cell>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.2.1.4	row	<cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">4.</cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0005520 https://www.geonames.org/1283457">dwhalgiri</placename><choice> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice></cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">—</cell>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.3	p	the <persname xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0664069 https://d-nb.info/gnd/141590483">deputy-surveyor-<choice> <abbr>gen<hi rendition="#sup">l</hi>.</abbr> <expan>general</expan> </choice> (<choice> <abbr>ca<del rendition="#s"><unclear cert="high" reason="covered">p</unclear></del>pt.</abbr> <expan>captain</expan> </choice> thuillier)</persname> is an intimate friend <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of mine; but he can give no information, his <persname xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006264 http://d-nb.info/gnd/117155829">principal</persname> not having for<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />warded any results, or data, to the office at <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0016218 https://www.geonames.org/1275004">calcutta</placename>. probably i <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />have already told you the same as is detailed above; i know no more. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the mountain, nº. 2, i have repeatedly seen: it divides the rivers<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="302v" /> <fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folnum">2</fw><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">kosi</placename>, & is visible from <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017337 https://www.geonames.org/1273467">darjeeling</placename> & elsewhere.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.4	p	you are aware of my visit to two <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>an passes, in eastern <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0001596 https://www.geonames.org/1282988">nepaul</placename>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />to the west of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">kinchin-junga</placename>, in <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" notbefore="1848-11-01" notafter="1848-11-30" calendar="#gregorian"><choice> <abbr>nov.</abbr> <expan>november</expan> </choice></date> & <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" notbefore="1848-12-01" notafter="1848-12-31" calendar="#gregorian"><choice> <abbr>dec.</abbr> <expan>december</expan> </choice> 1848</date>, & of my protracted <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />residence on the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename> frontier, in <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" notbefore="1849-06-01" notafter="1849-06-30" calendar="#gregorian">june</date>, & my subsequent visit to <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />5 other passes, in <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" notbefore="1849-10-01" notafter="1849-10-31" calendar="#gregorian"><choice> <abbr>oct</abbr> <expan>october</expan> </choice></date> & <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" notbefore="1849-11-01" notafter="1849-11-30" calendar="#gregorian"><choice> <abbr>nov<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>.</abbr> <expan>november</expan> </choice> 1849</date>. during the latter excursion, <persname xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0012858 http://viaf.org/viaf/68144648417618811837">dr. <lb />campbell</persname> joined me, & we were eventually imprisoned by the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><persname xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0018354">rajah</persname>, his counsellors &c. our lives were threatened & <persname xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0012858 http://viaf.org/viaf/68144648417618811837">d<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>. <choice> <abbr>c.</abbr> <expan>campbell</expan> </choice></persname> had a most <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />narrow escape & was treated with great barbarity.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.5	p	i had <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">previously</add> visited <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename> & spent some days north of <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>lat.</abbr> <expan>latitude</expan> </choice> 28°., discovering <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the source of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun river</placename>, which flows from the west of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h5697072">kamtchoo lakes</placename>, behind <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">kinchin-junga</placename>, to its exit from the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>m<hi rendition="#sup">ts</hi>.</abbr> <expan>mountains</expan> </choice> of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0001596 https://www.geonames.org/1282988">nepaul</placename>. from what i saw, & from the very full information which <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />i collected, i am now convinced that the snowed <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalaya</placename><supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">s</supplied> do not <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />form an individual mountain-chain; but that they consist of <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>groupes</orig> <reg>groups</reg> </choice> of snowy peaks, widely separated from one another, & are parts, or <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />meridional spurs of a far more lofty range of mountains, between the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />great masses of snow, & the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">yarou-tsamper river</placename>. the southern <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />water shed is behind all the snows, often ½ a degree & more; & the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>an frontier runs along the line of watershed behind, as often as <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />along the ridges of snow. <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>, between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">yarou</placename> & the snow, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />is, as you have well described it, a lofty rugged & quite impractica<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />ble country; though none of the peaks, north of the watershed on that <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />line, reach the elevation of the snowy ones.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6	p	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1	list	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.1	item	1. a <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>groupe</orig> <reg>group</reg> </choice>, in <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>long.</abbr> <expan>longitude</expan> </choice> 93<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>,</orig> <reg>.</reg> </choice>° (which i am now measuring) dividing the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h9547661 https://www.geonames.org/1255591">soubanshiri</placename> from the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h9690492">monass</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.2	item	2. a <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>groupe</orig> <reg>group</reg> </choice> i am also observing between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h9690492">monass</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h6597369">patchion</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.3	item	3. <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">chumalari <choice> <orig>groupe</orig> <reg>group</reg> </choice></placename>, between <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h6597369">patchion</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h4316428">matchoo</placename>, which rises north <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">chumalari</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.4	item	4. <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020933 https://www.geonames.org/1272390">donkiah</placename> (<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="24000" unit="foot">24,000</measure>) which i have visited, between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h4316428">matchoo</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020711 https://www.geonames.org/1186027">lachen <add place="superlinear">or teesta</add></placename><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig /> <reg>.</reg> </choice>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.5	item	5. <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">kinchin-junga</placename>, between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020711 https://www.geonames.org/1186027">teesta</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.6	item	6. the peak (previously mentioned) in 86.° 30,′ between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">kosi</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.7	item	7. <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0018439 https://www.geonames.org/1279688">gossain-than</placename>, between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">kosi</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h7753649">gundule</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.8	item	8. <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0005520 https://www.geonames.org/1283457">dwhalgiri</placename>, between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h7753649">gundule</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h6164791 https://www.geonames.org/1271404">gogra</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.9	item	9. <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017210 https://www.geonames.org/1261991">jewahir</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0018705 https://www.geonames.org/1280615">mansarovar</placename>. <metamark xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">?</metamark>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.7	p	the unsnowed space, between <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>n<hi rendition="#sup">os</hi>.</abbr> <expan>numbers</expan> </choice> 5 & 6, is very great. east of <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">1</hi>, both the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />snowy <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayah</placename> <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">ceases</hi> & the lower ranges sink greatly. i am now <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />nearly due south of <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">1</hi>, (<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.</abbr> <expan>south</expan> </choice> 10.° <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>w.</abbr> <expan>west</expan> </choice>) & see the horizon, to 30.° east, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />without a snowy peak or elevation. the snow commences again, east <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">dihong</placename>, which i do not doubt is the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">brahmapootra</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">ya<g ref="#typohyphen" /><lb break="no" />rou</placename>. all the rivers, mentioned above, as between the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>groupes</orig> <reg>groups</reg> </choice> of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />snows, have their sources in a small, well defined range, south of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">yarou</placename>. that range forms the boundary of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0001596 https://www.geonames.org/1282988">nepaul</placename>, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">west</hi> of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0018439 https://www.geonames.org/1279688">gossain-than</placename>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />– it <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">did</hi> form the boundary <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">east</hi> of it, before the war between <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0001596 https://www.geonames.org/1282988">nepaul</placename> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>. east of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0018439 https://www.geonames.org/1279688">gossain-than</placename>, there is no natural boundary; except <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />where the spurs of the mountains, east & west of the exit of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename>, constitute one. the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename> boundary of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename> is <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">kin<g ref="#typohyphen" /><lb break="no" />chin-junga</placename>, to the west; & the range between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020711 https://www.geonames.org/1186027">lachoong & teesta</placename> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>, – <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">which is</add> a westerly spur from <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020933 https://www.geonames.org/1272390">donkiah</placename>, which last runs south for <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="40" unit="mile">40 miles</measure>, in a snowy meridional range, <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">chumalari</placename> does so, too; <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& the chinese have drawn the line, south from the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>east<hi rendition="#sup">n</hi>.</abbr> <expan>eastern</expan> </choice> flank of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020933 https://www.geonames.org/1272390">donkiah</placename>, for as many <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#s">make</del> <add place="intralinear">miles</add> </subst>, & then north again, from the west <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />flank of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">chumalari</placename>. this <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">v-shaped</hi> bit includes great part of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h4316428">machoo</placename>’s course, & the town of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h5785409 https://www.geonames.org/1280354">pari</placename>: it is interposed between <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">bhotan</placename>. the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h6597369">patchion</placename> valley is as low as <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="6000" unit="foot">6,000 feet</measure> in the<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="303v" /><fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folnum">4</fw>latitude of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">chumalari</placename>, & looking from <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>, <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.</abbr> <expan>south</expan> </choice> east, i could discern no <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />snow between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">chumalari</placename> & the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <sic>groupe</sic> <corr>group</corr> </choice> east of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h6597369">patchion</placename>. this last <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <sic>groupe</sic> <corr>group</corr> </choice> i also see from these mountains where i now am<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice> <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">distant</hi> <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="210" unit="mile"><hi rendition="#uu">210</hi> <hi rendition="#u">mile<supplied cert="high">s</supplied></hi></measure> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& i calculate its elevation at near <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="24000" unit="foot">24,000 feet</measure>; – from both stations.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.8	p	when i was in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>, in <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>lat.</abbr> <expan>latitude</expan> </choice> 28.° 10<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig /> <reg>′</reg> </choice> <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>n.</abbr> <expan>north</expan> </choice><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice>, & <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>long.</abbr> <expan>longitude</expan> </choice> 88.° <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>e.</abbr> <expan>east</expan> </choice>, i took angles <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />with a theodolite, from a mountain, <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18500" unit="foot">18,500</measure> above the sea, on the sou<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">th</supplied><g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />ern flank of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename> valley. the ranges, to the north of me, were no<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />where below that elevation; but they did not rise above <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="22000" unit="foot">22,000 <choice> <abbr>ft</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />eastward i saw <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">three</hi> meridional ranges, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">i. e.</hi> that of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">chumalari</placename> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />to the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.</abbr> <expan>south</expan> </choice> east, & 2 others, each of which came from a lofty mounta<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">in</supplied><g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />land, & were connected with a beautiful snowy range, about <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="80" unit="mile">80 mi<supplied cert="high">les</supplied></measure> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />to the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>n.</abbr> <expan>north</expan> </choice> east, & which i believe separated the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h1460789"><hi rendition="#u">u</hi> & tsang provinces</placename> <supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">of</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>. north west of me was the course of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename>, & beyond it, <supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">a</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />very lofty range, rising to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="25000" unit="foot">25,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>, which took a southerly direction <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />forming the snowy <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayah <choice> <sic>groupe</sic> <corr>group</corr> </choice></placename>, between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">kosi</placename> (or th<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">e</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />west of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">kinchin-junga</placename><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> this line of watershed is a physical feature, we<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">ll</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />recognized by the thibetans: between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">chumalari</placename> it is called <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h7654941">dingchaun province</placename>, & sometimes <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h7654941">damtsen</placename>. the inhabitants are <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">very</hi> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />black: they rear shawl <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">wool</add> goats & yaks, & are a most turbulent rac<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">e</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of robbers, detested as savage cattle stealers, or worse, by the sikkimi<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">tes,</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />nepalese & thibetans. to us they were uncouth, rude, & boisterous, & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />could only be kept in order by great bullying. they opposed my cross<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">ing</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename> & i owe them a heavy grudge for breaking my azimuth <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />compass, though i believe the mischief was caused by accident & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />awkwardness, rather than deliberate ill-will.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9	p	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1	list	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1.1	item	1. that, west of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">bhotan</placename>, on which is <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">chumalari</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1.2	item	2. that, east of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename>, with <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020933 https://www.geonames.org/1272390">donkiah</placename> on it.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1.3	item	3. that, bounding the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename> on the south.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1.4	item	<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <sic>– with <placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">kinchin-junga</placename> (4.)</sic> <corr>4. that, bounding the <placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename> with <placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">kinchin-junga</placename>.</corr> </choice>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1.5	item	5. the axis, running <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>n.w.</abbr> <expan>north west</expan> </choice>, between the <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#s">paunom</del> <add place="superlinear"><placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h3394287">painom</placename></add> </subst> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename> & then <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.w</abbr> <expan>south west</expan> </choice>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1.6	item	6. the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h2203411">odoo <choice> <abbr>m<hi rendition="#sup">ts</hi>.</abbr> <expan>mountains</expan> </choice></placename> (<metamark xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">?</metamark>) running <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.e.</abbr> <expan>south east</expan> </choice> between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h6597369">patchion</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h9690492">monass</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.10	p	the rivers are (1) <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.</abbr> <expan>south</expan> </choice> the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h4316428">ma<add place="intralinear">t</add>choo</placename> (2)<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice> <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.w.</abbr> <expan>south west</expan> </choice> the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020711 https://www.geonames.org/1186027">teesta</placename>. (3) <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>w.</abbr> <expan>west</expan> </choice> the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">arun</placename>. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />(4) <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>n.</abbr> <expan>north</expan> </choice> the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h3394287">painom</placename>. (5)<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice> <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>n.e.</abbr> <expan>north east</expan> </choice> –<metamark xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">?</metamark>– (6<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice>) <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.e.</abbr> <expan>south east</expan> </choice> the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h6597369">patchion</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.11	p	the mean elevation of this tract is <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="16000" unit="foot">16</measure>-<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 feet</measure>: – nothing will <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />ripen there. <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h3683728 https://www.geonames.org/1279715">digarchi</placename> is in about the latitude & longitude that <persname xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0004092 http://d-nb.info/gnd/129956252">turner</persname> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />assigns to it: there the crops ripen only under the shelter of, & favo<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />red by the radiation from, the black rocks of the flanks of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h3394287">pai<g ref="#typohyphen" /><lb break="no" />nom</placename> valley, & its tributaries: – the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="juglans">wallnut</name></hi> grows, but neither it nor <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="prunus persica">peach</name></hi> ripen fruit, & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="salix">willow</name></hi> is the only <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#uu">tree</hi><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>. –</orig> <reg>,</reg> </choice> it is from <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="8" unit="foot">8</measure>-<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="12" unit="foot">12 feet</measure> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />high.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.12	p	the result of all the oral information i gained about the nat<subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow"><unclear reason="covered" cert="high">u</unclear>r</del> <add place="across">iv</add> </subst>e <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& the cultiva<subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#s">tion</del> <add place="superlinear"><choice> <orig>-</orig> <reg /> </choice>ted vegetation</add> </subst> of this region lead me to assume its elevation at <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="14000" unit="foot">14,000 feet</measure>; & the mean temperature <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">of <choice> <abbr>oct<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>.</abbr> <expan>october</expan> </choice></add> (fide <persname xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0004092 http://d-nb.info/gnd/129956252">turner</persname>) gives the same, <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">calculated</add> at <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the rate of <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" unit="fahrenheit" quantity="1">1°. degree of <choice> <abbr>fahr.</abbr> <expan>fahrenheit</expan> </choice></measure> = <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="400" unit="foot">400 feet</measure><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice>, which, from a multitude of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />observations on the air & sunk thermometer<del xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#s">s</del> (<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="3" unit="foot">3 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>) contemporaneously <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />with others, at <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017337 https://www.geonames.org/1273467">darjeeling</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0016218 https://www.geonames.org/1275004">calcutta</placename>, i have found to be the decrement <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />for altitudes above <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="1000" unit="foot">1,000 feet</measure>, north of the snows.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> in <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="e8c5bf17-e254-4dc8-85bf-17e2544dc820" corresp="#b97a2ca9-7339-465e-ba2c-a97339865e27" type="editorialnote">„asie <lb />centrale“</ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="b97a2ca9-7339-465e-ba2c-a97339865e27" corresp="#e8c5bf17-e254-4dc8-85bf-17e2544dc820" type="editorial"><bibl corresp="https://edition-humboldt.de/tkguvjev">humboldt 1843</bibl>.</note> you perhaps assume <persname xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0004092 http://d-nb.info/gnd/129956252">turner</persname>’s <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>oct.</abbr> <expan>october</expan> </choice> temperature of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h3683728 https://www.geonames.org/1279715">digarchi</placename> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />for that of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0011427 http://www.geonames.org/1280737">lhassa</placename>.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0011427 http://www.geonames.org/1280737">lhassa</placename> i have many good accounts. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="vitis">grapes</name></hi> do not ripen there, but are imported. <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="prunus persica">peaches</name><choice> <orig>.</orig> <reg>,</reg> </choice> <name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="salix">willow</name> & <name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="juglans">wallnut</name></hi> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />thrive well, whether as regards wood or fruit, but no other tree. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="dromedar">dromedaries</name> abound. <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0011427 http://www.geonames.org/1280737">lhassa</placename> is a poor place, after all that has been <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />said of it: the census is small (i forget what<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> the accounts of those <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />who have & who have not seen such a town as <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0551618 https://www.geonames.org/1259166">purneah</placename> in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0005199 https://www.geonames.org/1252881">bengal</placename> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />are sufficiently different & instructive.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">yarou</placename> is navigable for <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />skin boats, in the rainy season, from <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h9231633 https://www.geonames.org/1281119">giantchi</placename> to <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h3683728 https://www.geonames.org/1279715">digarchi</placename>, & from <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h3683728 https://www.geonames.org/1279715">digarchi</placename> to the meridian of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0011427 http://www.geonames.org/1280737">lhassa</placename>; but the course is very tortuous: <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />it flows, between lofty mountain ranges, far east of the great lake (i <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />forget its proper name, not yarbongh, as it is called on the maps): it is<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="304v" /><fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folnum">6</fw>certainly very large, but the island is small, towards the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.w.</abbr> <expan>south west</expan> </choice> angle. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">yarou</placename> trends south, & the country is warm, producing the <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="morus">mulberry</name> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& some say silk & <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="oryza">rice</name>. every thibetan describes the people near the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />bend<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>,</orig> <reg /> </choice> as atrocious savages, dwelling in mountainous woods, bordering <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0002582 https://www.geonames.org/1278253">assam</placename>: they are the a<del xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#s">r</del>bors & bor-a<del xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#s">r</del>bors, of course. there the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">yarou</placename> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />(they say) enters the mountains, & flows <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.</abbr> <expan>south</expan> </choice> to the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">brahma-pootra</placename>. the stream <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />is there too rapid to admit of navigation & the inhabitants of its banks <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />are too savage. east of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">bhotan</placename>, by <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h137183">towang</placename>, there is no snow, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">en route</hi> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />from <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0002582 https://www.geonames.org/1278253">assam</placename> to <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>, & <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="juniperus">juniper</name> grows to the mountain-tops. the rivers, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />from a little way south of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">yarou</placename>, flow to <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0002582 https://www.geonames.org/1278253">assam</placename>; <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow">n</del> <add place="across">n</add> </subst>or is the boundary <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of east <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">bhotan</placename> well-defined. all the various information<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">,</supplied> which i <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />gained respecting the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">yarou</placename>, was to the same import, & my informants <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />were very numerous. the best was a well-educated monk, who was <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />brought up at <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="a7a743c9-81f6-4f93-a743-c981f6df9381" corresp="#d7873b14-667b-49f6-873b-14667b79f663" type="editorialnote">mendoling</ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="d7873b14-667b-49f6-873b-14667b79f663" corresp="#a7a743c9-81f6-4f93-a743-c981f6df9381" type="editorial">hier handelt es sich vermutlich um das kloster <placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h7239222">mindrölling</placename> in <placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h1460789">zentraltibet</placename>.</note>, a goompta, 2 days south of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">yarou</placename>, situ<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />ated on a river, flowing to <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h137183">towang</placename>, & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0002582 https://www.geonames.org/1278253">assam</placename>, 5 days off. <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h7995962">menchona</placename> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />is the mart of that quarter, & the only great one east of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h5785409 https://www.geonames.org/1280354">pari</placename>. north <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">yarou</placename> is the <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="salz">salt</name>-country, lofty, rugged, barren & inhospitable to the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />last degree. the <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="yak">yak</name> cannot proceed beyond a few marches north of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h3683728 https://www.geonames.org/1279715">digarchi</placename>, & <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="schaf">sheep</name> are almost the only beasts of burthen, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">except men</hi>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.13	p	respecting the physical features of <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">eastern <placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename></hi>, its manners, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">customs</hi> & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />agriculture, religion, &c, i gleaned many particulars; but i fear they would <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />only weary you. your general account is admirable. plains, as you say, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />are but local features, & very limited ones: – the country is one of stupen<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />dous, rugged mountain-chains, – & not of plains or table land. the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />flat-floored valleys & scarped-flanked mountains are of comparati<unclear xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" reason="illegible" cert="high">vel</unclear>y <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />uniform elevation above the sea, but widely variable as to their height <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />above the valleys, giving to <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>east<hi rendition="#sup">n</hi>.</abbr> <expan>eastern</expan> </choice> <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename> a very different look from the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />snowy <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalaya</placename>. the absence of snow & wood completes the illusion; <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& as you truly remark, the traveller, who suddenly comes upon the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />features of an open country, the access to which begins abruptly, is <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />very apt to be deceived (in its elevation): the theodolite alone can<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="305r" /><fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folnum">7</fw>dispel the error.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> the line of perpetual snow is about <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="15000" unit="foot">15,000 feet</measure>, where <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the masses of the mountains first rise so high; it gradually rises with <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the increasing height of the land to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="19000" unit="foot">19,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>, – & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="19500" unit="foot">19,500</measure> is the lowest <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />mean level, in <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>lat.</abbr> <expan>latitude</expan> </choice> 28°. 30′, <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>long.</abbr> <expan>longitude</expan> </choice> 88<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">°</supplied> east, – & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="15000" unit="foot">15,000</measure> in the same longitude <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>lat.</abbr> <expan>latitude</expan> </choice> 27°. 30′.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> i have seen well-defined patches lower down on the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />south flanks of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">kinchin</placename>.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> glaciers abound, but not towards the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />southern limits of the perpetual snow, where the mountains are too <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />rugged.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.14	p	it is a remarkable fact that every river valley which i have ascended <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />opens out & becomes broad & flat-floored, at about <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="10000" unit="foot">10,000 feet</measure>: it <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />becomes imper<subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow">f</del> <add place="across">c</add> </subst>eptibly more & more so as you ascend; & when it has <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />conducted you above the limits of clouds, rain & snow, it gradually <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />becomes drier, barren & more thibetan.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.15	p	the average rain-fall at <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017337 https://www.geonames.org/1273467">darjeeling</placename> is <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="120" unit="zoll_englisch">120 inches</measure>, & it is progressively <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />less in the interior till the mountains reach to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="15000" unit="foot">15,000 feet</measure>, when the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />quantity of rain suddenly diminishes.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.16	p	the first snow descends on the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename> <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayah</placename> at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="15000" unit="foot">15,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>, in <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />september, & does not always melt. in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename> the snow line descends <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />in <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>oct.</abbr> <expan>october</expan> </choice>, – in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename> not till december. in the drier mountain parts, again <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />it melts up to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 <choice> <abbr>ft</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>. in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>, as far north as <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h3828425">kiong-lah</placename>, snow <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />often falls in the end of <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>aug<hi rendition="#sup">t</hi>.</abbr> <expan>august</expan> </choice> & <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>sept.</abbr> <expan>september</expan> </choice> every year, & melts again to <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="19000" unit="foot">19,000 <choice> <abbr>ft</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>. as the rains are not over till <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>oct.</abbr> <expan>october</expan> </choice>, the sporadic falls are <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />numerous & quite disguise the perpetual snow.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.17	p	you have correctly appreciated the many complicated phenomena <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of precipitation, evaporation, solar & terrestrial radiation. these <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />all act differently, whether as to amount, duration, or effect, at different <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />seasons of the year, north & south of the snowy mountains. still, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />their effects are progressively greater, in going from the snows of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayah</placename> to those of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.18	p	if i were to compare <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename> with the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>n.w.</abbr> <expan>north west</expan> </choice> <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayah</placename>, i should say <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />that the snow line is lower in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename>, because a far greater quantity <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />falls, & the sky is more cloudy.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.19	p	with regard to the mountain axis in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0002578">asia</placename>, i do not doubt it is <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayah</placename>, i. e. the mountain-mass, between the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">yarou</placename> & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the plains of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0005199 https://www.geonames.org/1252881">bengal</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.20	p	the greatest mean elevation is probably <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18000" unit="foot">18,000 feet</measure>: it is north of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the snowy <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayah</placename> & zigzag: – proportionally very little of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />snowy <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayah</placename> rises above <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18000" unit="foot">18,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>; – & the <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="300" unit="foot">300 feet</measure> of <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">that</hi>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />which is exposed to view in a straight line, gives the delusive effect <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of a mountain-chain, on this side the main axis & water-shed.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.21	p	i have the pleasant company of my old friend & college-companion <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><persname xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0003944 http://d-nb.info/gnd/117351946">d<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>. thomson</persname><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>,</orig> <reg /> </choice> (of the scientific mission to <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>): he is a man of great <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />enthusiasm & the highest scientific attainments. before we met, he <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />had, independently, adopted the same view of the snowy <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayah</placename> as <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />i did in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename>; & all that we can see from these mountains appears <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />to confirm it. <persname xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0003944 http://d-nb.info/gnd/117351946">d<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>. <choice> <abbr>t.</abbr> <expan>thomson</expan> </choice></persname> has visited the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017455 https://www.geonames.org/7449791">karakoran</placename> pass, & finds it as <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />laid down in your map to <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="a05688a4-43ff-4203-9688-a443ffe20308" corresp="#ce0777fc-bf75-4565-8777-fcbf759565f5" type="editorialnote"><hi rendition="#u">asie centrale</hi></ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="ce0777fc-bf75-4565-8777-fcbf759565f5" corresp="#a05688a4-43ff-4203-9688-a443ffe20308" type="editorial"><bibl corresp="https://edition-humboldt.de/tkguvjev">humboldt 1843, iii</bibl>. am ende des bandes findet sich die karte „chaines de montagnes et volcans de l’asie centrale“ auf ungezähltem blatt.</note>. he regards the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017455 https://www.geonames.org/7449791">karako<g ref="#typohyphen" /><lb break="no" />ran</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009066 http://www.geonames.org/1280524">muztagh</placename> as the real continuation of the axis, which runs <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>n.w.</abbr> <expan>north west</expan> </choice> from <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0018705 https://www.geonames.org/1280615">mansarovar</placename>. the latter is, indeed, another <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">noeud</hi>, from <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />which radiate chains of mountains, – one, dividing the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006690 https://www.geonames.org/1115007">indus</placename> from <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0018184 https://www.geonames.org/1115006">sutlej</placename>, another north of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006690 https://www.geonames.org/1115007">indus</placename>, & another south of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0018184 https://www.geonames.org/1115006">sutlej</placename>.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> in fact, the course of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006690 https://www.geonames.org/1115007">indus</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0018184 https://www.geonames.org/1115006">sutlej</placename> much resembles <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />that of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h9547661 https://www.geonames.org/1255591">soubansiri</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">yarou</placename>, the latter being the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">dihong</placename> & finally <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">brahmapootra</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.22	p	with regard to <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">atmospheric phenomena</hi>, i found the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.</abbr> <expan>south</expan> </choice> east wind <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />to prevail up to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18000" unit="foot">18,000 feet</measure>; whereas, at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="24000" unit="foot">24,000</measure>, the westerly current <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />is perennial. the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.e.</abbr> <expan>south east</expan> </choice> wind is all but perennial in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename>, but is consi<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />derably checked by the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayah</placename>; still, it keeps <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename> cloudy & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />showery from may till <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>oct<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi></abbr> <expan>october</expan> </choice>.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>s.</abbr> <expan>south</expan> </choice> east monsoon hardly reaches <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename>: the currents, being generally between the <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow"><gap reason="covered" unit="words" quantity="1" /></del> <add place="across"><placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h1541238">garrows</placename></add> </subst> & the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h6580249">rajma<g ref="#typohyphen" /><lb break="no" />hal mountains</placename>, cause the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename> <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayah</placename> to be much wetter than <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">bhotan</placename> mountains, which are sheltered by the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h2759692 https://www.geonames.org/1266856">khossyah</placename>. in these<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="306r" /><fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folnum">9</fw>latter mountains, the rain is excessive: <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="350" unit="zoll_englisch">350 inches</measure> fell last year at <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h3488959">churra</placename> & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="120" unit="zoll_englisch">120</measure> this last <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" from="1850-07-01" to="1850-07-31" calendar="#gregorian">july</date>. i have, several times, carefully measured <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11" unit="zoll_englisch">11 inches</measure> in 12 hours. there is no error in my instruments, nor in <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />those<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>,</orig> <reg /> </choice> established at <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#s"><placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0016218 https://www.geonames.org/1275004">calcutta</placename></del> <add place="superlinear"><placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h3488959">churra</placename></add> </subst><supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">.</supplied> the atmospheric pressure temperature <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& the wet bulb i register as often as possible, without interfering <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />with my other pursuits; & i find that a thermometer, buried at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="3" unit="foot">3 <lb />feet</measure>, gives very valuable results.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.23	p	the atmospheric tide is uniform, as to time, at all elevations; but <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the amount gradually diminishes, & progressively with the elevation; <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />– at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 feet</measure> it appears to be but a few thousandths of an <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="1" unit="zoll_englisch">inch</measure>. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />i almost invariably read off all the instruments 7 times in the 24 <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />hours; & i have horary observations, from all heights, up to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="16000" unit="foot">16,000 <choice> <abbr>ft</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>. – <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />i take the same times as at the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0016218 https://www.geonames.org/1275004">calcutta</placename> observatory.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.24	p	for geodetical observations i have little leisure, & confine my<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />self to a careful survey of my route; & occasionally i note the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />elevations of remarkable distant mountains. the survey & numberless <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />barometric observations, over all parts of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename>, may afford elements <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />for a computation of the mean mass of that section of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalaya</placename>. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />i have found vegetation up to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18500" unit="foot">18,500 feet</measure> <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">in <placename ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename><choice> <orig>:</orig> <reg /> </choice></add>: herbaceous plants are <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />sufficiently abundant at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18000" unit="foot">18,000</measure>, in certain spots; & among shrubs i <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />have several species of <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">lonicera</name></hi>, & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">rhododendron</name></hi>, from above <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 <lb />feet</measure>, with <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">gnaphalium</name></hi> & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">ephedra</name></hi>. a <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="urtica"> nettle</name> (<name type="plant">urtica</name>)</hi> attains this <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />elevation; so do <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">zannichellia</name></hi> & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">ranunculus</name></hi> (in water<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="compositae">compositæ</name></hi> are <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">decidedly</add> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />however, the most alpine order; many genera, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">gnaphalium</name></hi>, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">saussurea</name></hi>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">artemisia</name></hi> & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">erigeron</name></hi>, occurring between <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000</measure> & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17500" unit="foot">17,500 feet</measure>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />along with <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">astragalus</name> & <name type="plant">valeriana</name></hi> (<hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">nardostachys</name></hi><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> a <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="coleopterous insect"><hi rendition="#u">coleopterous</hi> <lb />insect</name>, allied to <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="meloe">meloe</name></hi> (<metamark xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">?</metamark>), & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="acarus">acarus</name></hi> are found, inhabiting <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18500" unit="foot">18,500 <lb />feet</measure>, along with the <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="equus kiang"><hi rendition="#u">kiang</hi></name> or <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="equus kiang" subtype="vernacular">wild ass</name>, & various <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="ruminantia">ruminants</name></hi>: there, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />too, the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="fuchs">fox</name></hi>, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="hase">hare</name></hi>, & two species of lesser <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="rodentia">rodents</name></hi> burrow, all of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />which have parasites. at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000</measure>, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="biene">bees</name></hi> live & feed: <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal">diptera</name></hi> are common:<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="306v" /><fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folnum">10</fw><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal">ephemera</name></hi> is found & <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="bc81c8b6-9663-4167-81c8-b696638167d2" corresp="#ff9d8dbe-f581-4074-9d8d-bef5810074e1" type="editorialnote"><hi rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="papilionoidea"><choice> <sic>papilionaceæ</sic> <corr>papilionoidea</corr> </choice></name></hi></ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="ff9d8dbe-f581-4074-9d8d-bef5810074e1" corresp="#bc81c8b6-9663-4167-81c8-b696638167d2" type="editorial">in der abschrift steht <name type="plant">papilionaceae</name>, ein früherer name für hülsenfrüchtler. gemeint sind jedoch <name type="animal" key="papilionoidea">papilionoidea</name>, eine Überfamilie der schmetterlinge.</note> of two genera <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow">.</del> <add place="across">(</add> </subst><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal">polyommatus</name></hi> & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="argynnis">argyn<unclear reason="illegible" cert="high">n</unclear>is</name></hi><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> the large <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="carabidae">carabideæ</name></hi>, which are seen on the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0002402 https://www.geonames.org/2661786">european alps</placename>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />do not inhabit the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalaya</placename>, & their absence is an anomaly. at <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="16000" unit="foot">16,000 feet</measure> i have observed the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="stubenfliege">housefly</name></hi> & the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal">lumbricus</name></hi>. the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="moschustiere">musk deer</name></hi> i never detected, even in midsummer, at very high alti<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />tudes, never above <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="12000" unit="foot">12,000 feet</measure>; there is, however<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">,</supplied> another species <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>. a <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="affe">monkey</name></hi> inhabits the woods at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11000" unit="foot">11,000 feet</measure>, but is more <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />common at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="9000" unit="foot">9,000</measure>. the limits of the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="pinus pinea" subtype="vernacular">pines</name></hi> are very curious & well-<lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />marked, differing both from <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">bhotan</placename> & the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>n.w.</abbr> <expan>north west</expan> </choice> <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalaya</placename>. there is <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />no <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="cedrus deodara" subtype="vernacular">deodar</name></hi>, nor <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">pinus excelsa</name></hi>, nor <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">gerardiana</name></hi>, nor <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">cupressus torulosa</name></hi>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />whereas the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="cupressus funebris"><choice> <abbr>c.</abbr> <expan>cupressus</expan> </choice> funebris</name></hi> (<metamark xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">?</metamark>) of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0007396 https://www.geonames.org/1814991">china</placename> is <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">commonly</add> planted: & there is a <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="pinus longifolia" subtype="vernacular">wild larch <lb />(pinus longifolia)</name></hi> at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="1000" unit="foot">1,</measure>-<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="4000" unit="foot">4,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure> – <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="taxus" subtype="vernacular">yew (taxus)</name></hi> <del xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#s">17</del> <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="7000" unit="foot">7,</measure>-<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="10000" unit="foot">10,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure> – <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">abies brunonis</name>, <name type="plant" key="larix" subtype="vernacular">larch</name> & <name type="plant">abies khutrow</name></hi> (alias <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="abies smithiana">smithiana</name></hi>) all occur <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />between <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="8000" unit="foot">8,</measure> & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11000" unit="foot">11,000 feet</measure>. an erect <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="juniperus">tree-juniper</name></hi> & fruticose <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">rhododen<g ref="#typohyphen" /><lb break="no" />dron</name></hi><subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow">.</del> <add place="across"> (</add> </subst><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11000" unit="foot">8 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure> high), <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="betula">birch</name></hi><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg>,</reg> </choice> <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="salix">willow</name> & <name type="plant">pyrus</name></hi>, ascend to near <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="15000" unit="foot">15,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure> in <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />favourable situations, & are all stunted. <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="lonicera">loniceræ</name></hi> are, however, the com<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />mon shrubs at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="14000" unit="foot">14,000 feet</measure> (several species of the genus), with <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">rosa</name></hi>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">berberis</name></hi>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.25	p	my geological notes want all to be worked up. <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="gneis">gneiss</name> is the preva<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />lent formation, between <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="7000" unit="foot">7</measure> & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>; above that <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <add place="sublinear">encrinitic</add> <del rendition="#s">(<metamark>?</metamark>)</del> </subst> <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="granit">granites</name>; & in <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>, fossiliferous <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="kalkstein">limestone</name> & tertiary rocks. below <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="7000" unit="foot">7,000 feet</measure>, the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="glimmer">mica</name> & <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="ton">clay</name> slates, <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="sandstein">sandstone</name> & <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="kohle">coal</name>. there is no <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="kalk">lime</name>, in <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename>-<lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />proper, – except as a deposit. hot-springs, of temperature <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" unit="fahrenheit" quantity="110">110.°</measure>, i have <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />found, at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>, with <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="schwefel">sulphur</name>ous <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="salz">salts</name>. the most curious & novel <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />geological feature consists in the magnificent <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">moraines</hi>, which abound <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />in every valley, descending from the snow. they commence at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="10000" unit="foot">10,</measure><supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">-</supplied><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11000" unit="foot">11,000 <lb />feet</measure>, & may thence be traced continuously up to the glaciers themselves, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />whose lower edges, often <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="20" unit="mile">20 miles</measure> higher up the valley, are always <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />at about <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 feet</measure>. the proofs seem therefore evident, of a gradual <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />sinking of the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayas</placename>. i could perceive no signs of a rising, but abund<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />ant <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">evidence</add> of the contrary phenomenon. the glaciers have certainly receded <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="7000" unit="foot">7,000 <choice> <abbr>ft</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.26	p	and now it is high time to draw this long letter to a close: i <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />fear i have but poorly succeeded in my attempt to inform you <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of what i am about.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.27	p	<persname xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0003944 http://d-nb.info/gnd/117351946">d<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>. thomson</persname> & i mean to continue our explorations till <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" from="1850-11-01" to="1850-11-30" calendar="#gregorian"><choice> <abbr>nov<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>.</abbr> <expan>november</expan> </choice></date> in <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />this neighborhood. we shall then visit <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h5532789 https://www.geonames.org/1275009">cachar</placename>, <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h5534643 https://www.geonames.org/1205733">chittagong</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0021451">arra<g ref="#typohyphen" /><lb break="no" />can</placename>, from whence we embark for <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0016218 https://www.geonames.org/1275004">calcutta</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0005653 https://www.geonames.org/6269131">england</placename> in the spring <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" when="1851" calendar="#gregorian">next year</date>. our conjoined collections will be enormous: his con<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typohyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />tains 4000 species, from the plains of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006686 https://www.geonames.org/1269750">india</placename>, <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">thibet</placename>, the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>n.w.</abbr> <expan>north west</expan> </choice> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalaya</placename>, <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0000378 https://www.geonames.org/1440268">kashmir</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0011337 https://www.geonames.org/1172451">lahore</placename>: – mine nearly as many, from the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">sikkim</placename> <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalaya</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0005199 https://www.geonames.org/1252881">bengal</placename>. we have gathered, together, upwards <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of 3,000 species more & we expect to add perhaps another thousand <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />from <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h5534643 https://www.geonames.org/1205733">chittagong</placename> & <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0021451">arracan</placename>. the vegetation here is perfectly won<lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />derful: we have 20 <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="quercus">oaks</name></hi> alone, from the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h2759692 https://www.geonames.org/1266856">khassyah <choice> <abbr>m<hi rendition="#sup">ts</hi>.</abbr> <expan>mountains</expan> </choice></placename> & an <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />equal number from the <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">himalayah</placename>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.28	p	you will be sorry to hear that mr. <persname xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0011923 http://d-nb.info/gnd/118863703">hodgson</persname> of <placename xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0017337 https://www.geonames.org/1273467">darjeeling</placename> has been, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& still is, seriously ill: he always desires his grateful regards to <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />you, when he knows i am writing.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.29	p	i rejoice to hear of your continued health. the <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="d7bdc9cf-c6e0-4bfa-bdc9-cfc6e02bfa8e" corresp="#de8f1822-0993-40fd-8f18-22099300fd4b" type="editorialnote">news of the <persname ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0002178 http://d-nb.info/gnd/118535994">king <lb />of prussia</persname>’s accident reached me here</ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="de8f1822-0993-40fd-8f18-22099300fd4b" corresp="#d7bdc9cf-c6e0-4bfa-bdc9-cfc6e02bfa8e" type="editorial">in einem brief an <persname ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0000936 http://d-nb.info/gnd/11860130x">carl ritter</persname> schreibt alexander von humboldt vermutlich am 28. februar 1850, dass <persname ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/h0002178 http://d-nb.info/gnd/118535994">friedrich wilhelm iv.</persname> aufgrund eines stoßes an einer steinernen bank bettlägerig sei (<bibl corresp="https://edition-humboldt.de/fvbjthcm">humboldt 2010</bibl>, 109).</note>: – i knew it would afflict <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />you: & i now rejoice, with all the scientific world, that a sovereign <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />who has the true interests of science so much at heart, has recovered.