For Geodetical Observations I have little leisure, & confine my<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />self to a careful survey of my route; & occasionally I note the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />elevations of remarkable distant mountains. The Survey & numberless <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Barometric Observations, over all parts of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName>, may afford elements <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />for a computation of the mean mass of that section of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalaya</placeName>. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />I have found vegetation up to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18500" unit="foot">18,500 feet</measure> <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">in <placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName><choice> <orig>:</orig> <reg /> </choice></add>: herbaceous plants are <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />sufficiently abundant at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18000" unit="foot">18,000</measure>, in certain spots; & among Shrubs I <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />have several species of <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Lonicera</name></hi>, & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Rhododendron</name></hi>, from above <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 <lb />feet</measure>, with <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Gnaphalium</name></hi> & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Ephedra</name></hi>. A <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Urtica"> Nettle</name> (<name type="plant">Urtica</name>)</hi> attains this <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />elevation; so do <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Zannichellia</name></hi> & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Ranunculus</name></hi> (in water<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Compositae">Compositæ</name></hi> are <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">decidedly</add> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />however, the most alpine order; many genera, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Gnaphalium</name></hi>, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Saussurea</name></hi>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Artemisia</name></hi> & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Erigeron</name></hi>, occurring between <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000</measure> & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17500" unit="foot">17,500 feet</measure>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />along with <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Astragalus</name> & <name type="plant">Valeriana</name></hi> (<hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Nardostachys</name></hi><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> A <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="Coleopterous insect"><hi rendition="#u">Coleopterous</hi> <lb />Insect</name>, allied to <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Meloe">Meloe</name></hi> (<metamark xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">?</metamark>), & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Acarus">Acarus</name></hi> are found, inhabiting <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18500" unit="foot">18,500 <lb />feet</measure>, along with the <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="Equus kiang"><hi rendition="#u">Kiang</hi></name> or <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="Equus kiang" subtype="vernacular">Wild Ass</name>, & various <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Ruminantia">Ruminants</name></hi>: there, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />too, the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Fuchs">Fox</name></hi>, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Hase">Hare</name></hi>, & two species of lesser <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Rodentia">Rodents</name></hi> burrow, all of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />which have Parasites. At <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000</measure>, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Biene">Bees</name></hi> live & feed: <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal">Diptera</name></hi> are common:<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="306v" /><fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folNum">10</fw><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal">Ephemera</name></hi> is found & <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="bc81c8b6-9663-4167-81c8-b696638167d2" corresp="#ff9d8dbe-f581-4074-9d8d-bef5810074e1" type="editorialNote"><hi rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Papilionoidea"><choice> <sic>Papilionaceæ</sic> <corr>Papilionoidea</corr> </choice></name></hi></ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="ff9d8dbe-f581-4074-9d8d-bef5810074e1" corresp="#bc81c8b6-9663-4167-81c8-b696638167d2" type="editorial">In der Abschrift steht <name type="plant">Papilionaceae</name>, ein früherer Name für Hülsenfrüchtler. Gemeint sind jedoch <name type="animal" key="Papilionoidea">Papilionoidea</name>, eine Überfamilie der Schmetterlinge.</note> of two Genera <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow">.</del> <add place="across">(</add> </subst><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal">Polyommatus</name></hi> & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Argynnis">Argyn<unclear reason="illegible" cert="high">n</unclear>is</name></hi><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> The large <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Carabidae">Carabideæ</name></hi>, which are seen on the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0002402 https://www.geonames.org/2661786">European Alps</placeName>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />do not inhabit the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalaya</placeName>, & their absence is an anomaly. At <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="16000" unit="foot">16,000 feet</measure> I have observed the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Stubenfliege">Housefly</name></hi> & the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal">Lumbricus</name></hi>. The <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Moschustiere">Musk Deer</name></hi> I never detected, even in Midsummer, at very high alti<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />tudes, never above <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="12000" unit="foot">12,000 feet</measure>; there is, however<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">,</supplied> another species <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />in <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>. A <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Affe">Monkey</name></hi> inhabits the woods at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11000" unit="foot">11,000 feet</measure>, but is more <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />common at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="9000" unit="foot">9,000</measure>. The Limits of the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Pinus pinea" subtype="vernacular">Pines</name></hi> are very curious & well-<lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />marked, differing both from <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">Bhotan</placeName> & the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>N.W.</abbr> <expan>North West</expan> </choice> <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalaya</placeName>. There is <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />no <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Cedrus deodara" subtype="vernacular">Deodar</name></hi>, nor <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Pinus excelsa</name></hi>, nor <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Gerardiana</name></hi>, nor <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Cupressus torulosa</name></hi>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />whereas the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Cupressus funebris"><choice> <abbr>C.</abbr> <expan>Cupressus</expan> </choice> funebris</name></hi> (<metamark xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">?</metamark>) of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0007396 https://www.geonames.org/1814991">China</placeName> is <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">commonly</add> planted: & there is a <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Pinus longifolia" subtype="vernacular">Wild Larch <lb />(Pinus longifolia)</name></hi> at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="1000" unit="foot">1,</measure>-<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="4000" unit="foot">4,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure> – <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Taxus" subtype="vernacular">Yew (Taxus)</name></hi> <del xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#s">17</del> <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="7000" unit="foot">7,</measure>-<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="10000" unit="foot">10,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure> – <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Abies Brunonis</name>, <name type="plant" key="Larix" subtype="vernacular">Larch</name> & <name type="plant">Abies Khutrow</name></hi> (alias <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Abies smithiana">Smithiana</name></hi>) all occur <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />between <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="8000" unit="foot">8,</measure> & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11000" unit="foot">11,000 feet</measure>. An erect <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Juniperus">Tree-Juniper</name></hi> & fruticose <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Rhododen<g ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb break="no" />dron</name></hi><subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow">.</del> <add place="across"> (</add> </subst><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11000" unit="foot">8 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure> high), <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Betula">Birch</name></hi><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg>,</reg> </choice> <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Salix">Willow</name> & <name type="plant">Pyrus</name></hi>, ascend to near <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="15000" unit="foot">15,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure> in <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />favourable situations, & are all stunted. <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Lonicera">Loniceræ</name></hi> are, however, the com<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />mon shrubs at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="14000" unit="foot">14,000 feet</measure> (several species of the genus), with <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Rosa</name></hi>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Berberis</name></hi>.