urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:	edition	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1	writingSession	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.1	p	My correspondence has inevitably <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />fallen into such confusion for the last 12 months, & so many of my <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />letters have been lost, that I am almost afraid to think how long <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />a time may have elapsed, since you heard from me: – much longer, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />I know it is, than it ought to have been, under any circumstances, & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />especially as I have never thanked you for the distinguished place <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />you are said to have given to my name in your new Edition of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="a8407d42-d7c5-43de-807d-42d7c573de4a" corresp="#d4948b38-55fa-4d07-948b-3855fa5d072b" type="editorialNote"><hi rendition="#u">Aspects of Nature</hi></ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="d4948b38-55fa-4d07-948b-3855fa5d072b" corresp="#a8407d42-d7c5-43de-807d-42d7c573de4a" type="editorial"><bibl corresp="https://edition-humboldt.de/MU3FGUXF">Humboldt 1849a</bibl>.</note>. My copy of this work has not reached me, but <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />I am well aware that I ought to be very grateful, & to feel highly hon<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />ored. I have very much to thank you for, during many years.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.2	p	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.2.1	table	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.2.1.1	row	<cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">1.</cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">Kinchin-Junga</placeName><choice> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice></cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><measure quantity="28148" unit="foot">28,148. feet.</measure> (accurately measured.)</cell>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.2.1.2	row	<cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">2.</cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">A Mountain in about <lb />86°. 30′ <choice> <abbr>E.</abbr> <expan>East</expan> </choice> <choice> <abbr>Long.</abbr> <expan>Longitude</expan> </choice></cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">—</cell>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.2.1.3	row	<cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">3.</cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0018439 https://www.geonames.org/1279688">Gossain-Than</placeName></cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">—</cell>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.2.1.4	row	<cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">4.</cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005520 https://www.geonames.org/1283457">Dwhalgiri</placeName><choice> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice></cell> <cell xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">—</cell>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.3	p	The <persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0664069 https://d-nb.info/gnd/141590483">Deputy-Surveyor-<choice> <abbr>Gen<hi rendition="#sup">l</hi>.</abbr> <expan>General</expan> </choice> (<choice> <abbr>Ca<del rendition="#s"><unclear cert="high" reason="covered">p</unclear></del>pt.</abbr> <expan>Captain</expan> </choice> Thuillier)</persName> is an intimate friend <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of mine; but he can give no information, his <persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006264 http://d-nb.info/gnd/117155829">Principal</persName> not having for<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />warded any results, or data, to the Office at <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0016218 https://www.geonames.org/1275004">Calcutta</placeName>. Probably I <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />have already told you the same as is detailed above; I know no more. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />The Mountain, Nº. 2, I have repeatedly seen: it divides the Rivers<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="302v" /> <fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folNum">2</fw><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Kosi</placeName>, & is visible from <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017337 https://www.geonames.org/1273467">Darjeeling</placeName> & elsewhere.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.4	p	You are aware of my visit to two <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>an Passes, in Eastern <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0001596 https://www.geonames.org/1282988">Nepaul</placeName>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />to the West of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">Kinchin-Junga</placeName>, in <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" notBefore="1848-11-01" notAfter="1848-11-30" calendar="#gregorian"><choice> <abbr>Nov.</abbr> <expan>November</expan> </choice></date> & <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" notBefore="1848-12-01" notAfter="1848-12-31" calendar="#gregorian"><choice> <abbr>Dec.</abbr> <expan>December</expan> </choice> 1848</date>, & of my protracted <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />residence on the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName> frontier, in <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" notBefore="1849-06-01" notAfter="1849-06-30" calendar="#gregorian">June</date>, & my subsequent visit to <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />5 other Passes, in <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" notBefore="1849-10-01" notAfter="1849-10-31" calendar="#gregorian"><choice> <abbr>Oct</abbr> <expan>October</expan> </choice></date> & <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" notBefore="1849-11-01" notAfter="1849-11-30" calendar="#gregorian"><choice> <abbr>Nov<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>.</abbr> <expan>November</expan> </choice> 1849</date>. During the latter Excursion, <persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0012858 http://viaf.org/viaf/68144648417618811837">Dr. <lb />Campbell</persName> joined me, & we were eventually imprisoned by the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0018354">Rajah</persName>, his Counsellors &c. Our lives were threatened & <persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0012858 http://viaf.org/viaf/68144648417618811837">D<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>. <choice> <abbr>C.</abbr> <expan>Campbell</expan> </choice></persName> had a most <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />narrow escape & was treated with great barbarity.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.5	p	I had <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">previously</add> visited <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName> & spent some days North of <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>lat.</abbr> <expan>latitude</expan> </choice> 28°., discovering <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the source of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun River</placeName>, which flows from the West of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H5697072">Kamtchoo Lakes</placeName>, behind <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">Kinchin-Junga</placeName>, to its exit from the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>M<hi rendition="#sup">ts</hi>.</abbr> <expan>Mountains</expan> </choice> of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />in <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0001596 https://www.geonames.org/1282988">Nepaul</placeName>. From what I saw, & from the very full information which <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />I collected, I am now convinced that the Snowed <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalaya</placeName><supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">s</supplied> do not <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />form an individual Mountain-Chain; but that they consist of <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>groupes</orig> <reg>groups</reg> </choice> of snowy Peaks, widely separated from one another, & are parts, or <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Meridional Spurs of a far more lofty range of Mountains, between the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />great Masses of Snow, & the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Yarou-Tsamper river</placeName>. The Southern <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />water shed is behind all the snows, often ½ a degree & more; & the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>an frontier runs along the line of watershed behind, as often as <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />along the ridges of Snow. <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>, between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Yarou</placeName> & the snow, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />is, as you have well described it, a lofty rugged & quite impractica<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />ble country; though none of the Peaks, North of the watershed on that <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Line, reach the elevation of the snowy ones.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6	p	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1	list	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.1	item	1. A <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>Groupe</orig> <reg>Group</reg> </choice>, in <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>long.</abbr> <expan>longitude</expan> </choice> 93<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>,</orig> <reg>.</reg> </choice>° (which I am now measuring) dividing the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H9547661 https://www.geonames.org/1255591">Soubanshiri</placeName> from the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H9690492">Monass</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.2	item	2. A <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>groupe</orig> <reg>group</reg> </choice> I am also observing between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H9690492">Monass</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H6597369">Patchion</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.3	item	3. <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">Chumalari <choice> <orig>Groupe</orig> <reg>Group</reg> </choice></placeName>, between <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H6597369">Patchion</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H4316428">Matchoo</placeName>, which rises North <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">Chumalari</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.4	item	4. <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020933 https://www.geonames.org/1272390">Donkiah</placeName> (<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="24000" unit="foot">24,000</measure>) which I have visited, between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H4316428">Matchoo</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020711 https://www.geonames.org/1186027">Lachen <add place="superlinear">or Teesta</add></placeName><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig /> <reg>.</reg> </choice>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.5	item	5. <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">Kinchin-Junga</placeName>, between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020711 https://www.geonames.org/1186027">Teesta</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.6	item	6. The Peak (previously mentioned) in 86.° 30,′ between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Kosi</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.7	item	7. <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0018439 https://www.geonames.org/1279688">Gossain-Than</placeName>, between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Kosi</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H7753649">Gundule</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.8	item	8. <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005520 https://www.geonames.org/1283457">Dwhalgiri</placeName>, between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H7753649">Gundule</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H6164791 https://www.geonames.org/1271404">Gogra</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.6.1.9	item	9. <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017210 https://www.geonames.org/1261991">Jewahir</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0018705 https://www.geonames.org/1280615">Mansarovar</placeName>. <metamark xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">?</metamark>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.7	p	The unsnowed space, between <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>N<hi rendition="#sup">os</hi>.</abbr> <expan>Numbers</expan> </choice> 5 & 6, is very great. East of <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">1</hi>, both the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Snowy <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayah</placeName> <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">ceases</hi> & the lower ranges sink greatly. I am now <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />nearly due South of <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">1</hi>, (<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.</abbr> <expan>South</expan> </choice> 10.° <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>W.</abbr> <expan>West</expan> </choice>) & see the horizon, to 30.° East, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />without a snowy Peak or Elevation. The Snow commences again, East <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Dihong</placeName>, which I do not doubt is the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Brahmapootra</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Ya<g ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb break="no" />rou</placeName>. All the Rivers, mentioned above, as between the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>groupes</orig> <reg>groups</reg> </choice> of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Snows, have their sources in a small, well defined Range, South of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Yarou</placeName>. That range forms the boundary of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0001596 https://www.geonames.org/1282988">Nepaul</placeName>, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">West</hi> of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0018439 https://www.geonames.org/1279688">Gossain-Than</placeName>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />– it <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">did</hi> form the boundary <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">East</hi> of it, before the war between <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0001596 https://www.geonames.org/1282988">Nepaul</placeName> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>. East of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0018439 https://www.geonames.org/1279688">Gossain-Than</placeName>, there is no natural boundary; except <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />where the Spurs of the mountains, East & West of the exit of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName>, constitute one. The <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName> Boundary of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName> is <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">Kin<g ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb break="no" />chin-Junga</placeName>, to the West; & the range between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020711 https://www.geonames.org/1186027">Lachoong & Teesta</placeName> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />in <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>, – <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">which is</add> a westerly Spur from <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020933 https://www.geonames.org/1272390">Donkiah</placeName>, which last runs South for <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="40" unit="mile">40 miles</measure>, in a snowy Meridional Range, <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">Chumalari</placeName> does so, too; <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& the Chinese have drawn the Line, South from the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>East<hi rendition="#sup">n</hi>.</abbr> <expan>Eastern</expan> </choice> flank of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020933 https://www.geonames.org/1272390">Donkiah</placeName>, for as many <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#s">make</del> <add place="intralinear">miles</add> </subst>, & then North again, from the West <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />flank of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">Chumalari</placeName>. This <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">V-shaped</hi> bit includes great part of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H4316428">Machoo</placeName>’s Course, & the Town of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H5785409 https://www.geonames.org/1280354">Pari</placeName>: it is interposed between <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">Bhotan</placeName>. The <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H6597369">Patchion</placeName> Valley is as low as <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="6000" unit="foot">6,000 feet</measure> in the<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="303v" /><fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folNum">4</fw>latitude of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">Chumalari</placeName>, & looking from <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>, <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.</abbr> <expan>South</expan> </choice> East, I could discern no <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />snow between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">Chumalari</placeName> & the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <sic>groupe</sic> <corr>group</corr> </choice> East of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H6597369">Patchion</placeName>. This last <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <sic>Groupe</sic> <corr>Group</corr> </choice> I also see from these Mountains where I now am<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice> <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">distant</hi> <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="210" unit="mile"><hi rendition="#uu">210</hi> <hi rendition="#u">mile<supplied cert="high">s</supplied></hi></measure> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& I calculate its elevation at near <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="24000" unit="foot">24,000 feet</measure>; – from both stations.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.8	p	When I was in <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>, in <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>lat.</abbr> <expan>latitude</expan> </choice> 28.° 10<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig /> <reg>′</reg> </choice> <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>N.</abbr> <expan>North</expan> </choice><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice>, & <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>Long.</abbr> <expan>Longitude</expan> </choice> 88.° <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>E.</abbr> <expan>East</expan> </choice>, I took Angles <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />with a Theodolite, from a mountain, <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18500" unit="foot">18,500</measure> above the Sea, on the Sou<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">th</supplied><g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />ern flank of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName> valley. The ranges, to the north of me, were no<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />where below that elevation; but they did not rise above <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="22000" unit="foot">22,000 <choice> <abbr>ft</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Eastward I saw <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">three</hi> Meridional ranges, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">i. e.</hi> that of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">Chumalari</placeName> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />to the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.</abbr> <expan>South</expan> </choice> East, & 2 others, each of which came from a lofty mounta<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">in</supplied><g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />land, & were connected with a beautiful snowy range, about <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="80" unit="mile">80 mi<supplied cert="high">les</supplied></measure> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />to the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>N.</abbr> <expan>North</expan> </choice> East, & which I believe separated the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H1460789"><hi rendition="#u">U</hi> & Tsang Provinces</placeName> <supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">of</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>. North West of me was the course of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName>, & beyond it, <supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">a</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />very lofty range, rising to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="25000" unit="foot">25,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>, which took a Southerly direction <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />forming the Snowy <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayah <choice> <sic>Groupe</sic> <corr>Group</corr> </choice></placeName>, between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Kosi</placeName> (or th<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">e</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />West of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">Kinchin-Junga</placeName><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> This line of watershed is a physical feature, we<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">ll</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />recognized by the Thibetans: between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">Chumalari</placeName> it is called <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H7654941">Dingchaun Province</placeName>, & sometimes <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H7654941">Damtsen</placeName>. The Inhabitants are <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">very</hi> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />black: they rear shawl <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">wool</add> goats & Yaks, & are a most turbulent rac<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">e</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of robbers, detested as savage cattle stealers, or worse, by the Sikkimi<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">tes,</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Nepalese & Thibetans. To us they were uncouth, rude, & boisterous, & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />could only be kept in order by great bullying. They opposed my cross<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">ing</supplied> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName> & I owe them a heavy grudge for breaking my Azimuth <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Compass, though I believe the mischief was caused by accident & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />awkwardness, rather than deliberate ill-will.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9	p	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1	list	
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1.1	item	1. That, West of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">Bhotan</placeName>, on which is <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017328 https://www.geonames.org/1252607">Chumalari</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1.2	item	2. That, East of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName>, with <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020933 https://www.geonames.org/1272390">Donkiah</placeName> on it.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1.3	item	3. That, bounding the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName> on the South.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1.4	item	<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <sic>– with <placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">Kinchin-Junga</placeName> (4.)</sic> <corr>4. That, bounding the <placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName> with <placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">Kinchin-Junga</placeName>.</corr> </choice>
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1.5	item	5. The axis, running <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>N.W.</abbr> <expan>North West</expan> </choice>, between the <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#s">Paunom</del> <add place="superlinear"><placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H3394287">Painom</placeName></add> </subst> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName> & then <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.W</abbr> <expan>South West</expan> </choice>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.9.1.6	item	6. The <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H2203411">Odoo <choice> <abbr>M<hi rendition="#sup">ts</hi>.</abbr> <expan>Mountains</expan> </choice></placeName> (<metamark xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">?</metamark>) running <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.E.</abbr> <expan>South East</expan> </choice> between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H6597369">Patchion</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H9690492">Monass</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.10	p	The rivers are (1) <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.</abbr> <expan>South</expan> </choice> the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H4316428">Ma<add place="intralinear">t</add>choo</placeName> (2)<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice> <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.W.</abbr> <expan>South West</expan> </choice> the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020711 https://www.geonames.org/1186027">Teesta</placeName>. (3) <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>W.</abbr> <expan>West</expan> </choice> the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0020559 https://www.geonames.org/1266067">Arun</placeName>. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />(4) <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>N.</abbr> <expan>North</expan> </choice> the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H3394287">Painom</placeName>. (5)<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice> <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>N.E.</abbr> <expan>North East</expan> </choice> –<metamark xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">?</metamark>– (6<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice>) <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.E.</abbr> <expan>South East</expan> </choice> the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H6597369">Patchion</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.11	p	The mean Elevation of this tract is <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="16000" unit="foot">16</measure>-<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 feet</measure>: – nothing will <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />ripen there. <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H3683728 https://www.geonames.org/1279715">Digarchi</placeName> is in about the Latitude & Longitude that <persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0004092 http://d-nb.info/gnd/129956252">Turner</persName> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />assigns to it: there the crops ripen only under the shelter of, & favo<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />red by the radiation from, the black rocks of the flanks of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H3394287">Pai<g ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb break="no" />nom</placeName> Valley, & its Tributaries: – the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Juglans">Wallnut</name></hi> grows, but neither it nor <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Prunus persica">Peach</name></hi> ripen fruit, & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Salix">Willow</name></hi> is the only <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#uu">tree</hi><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>. –</orig> <reg>,</reg> </choice> it is from <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="8" unit="foot">8</measure>-<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="12" unit="foot">12 feet</measure> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />high.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.12	p	The result of all the oral information I gained about the nat<subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow"><unclear reason="covered" cert="high">u</unclear>r</del> <add place="across">iv</add> </subst>e <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& the cultiva<subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#s">tion</del> <add place="superlinear"><choice> <orig>-</orig> <reg /> </choice>ted vegetation</add> </subst> of this region lead me to assume its elevation at <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="14000" unit="foot">14,000 feet</measure>; & the mean Temperature <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">of <choice> <abbr>Oct<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>.</abbr> <expan>October</expan> </choice></add> (fide <persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0004092 http://d-nb.info/gnd/129956252">Turner</persName>) gives the same, <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">calculated</add> at <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the rate of <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" unit="fahrenheit" quantity="1">1°. degree of <choice> <abbr>Fahr.</abbr> <expan>Fahrenheit</expan> </choice></measure> = <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="400" unit="foot">400 feet</measure><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg /> </choice>, which, from a multitude of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />observations on the air & sunk Thermometer<del xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#s">s</del> (<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="3" unit="foot">3 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>) contemporaneously <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />with others, at <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017337 https://www.geonames.org/1273467">Darjeeling</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0016218 https://www.geonames.org/1275004">Calcutta</placeName>, I have found to be the decrement <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />for altitudes above <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="1000" unit="foot">1,000 feet</measure>, North of the Snows.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> In <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="e8c5bf17-e254-4dc8-85bf-17e2544dc820" corresp="#b97a2ca9-7339-465e-ba2c-a97339865e27" type="editorialNote">„Asie <lb />Centrale“</ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="b97a2ca9-7339-465e-ba2c-a97339865e27" corresp="#e8c5bf17-e254-4dc8-85bf-17e2544dc820" type="editorial"><bibl corresp="https://edition-humboldt.de/TKGUVJEV">Humboldt 1843</bibl>.</note> you perhaps assume <persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0004092 http://d-nb.info/gnd/129956252">Turner</persName>’s <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>Oct.</abbr> <expan>October</expan> </choice> Temperature of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H3683728 https://www.geonames.org/1279715">Digarchi</placeName> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />for that of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0011427 http://www.geonames.org/1280737">Lhassa</placeName>.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> Of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0011427 http://www.geonames.org/1280737">Lhassa</placeName> I have many good accounts. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Vitis">Grapes</name></hi> do not ripen there, but are imported. <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Prunus persica">Peaches</name><choice> <orig>.</orig> <reg>,</reg> </choice> <name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Salix">Willow</name> & <name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Juglans">Wallnut</name></hi> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />thrive well, whether as regards wood or fruit, but no other Tree. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="Dromedar">Dromedaries</name> abound. <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0011427 http://www.geonames.org/1280737">Lhassa</placeName> is a poor place, after all that has been <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />said of it: the census is small (I forget what<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> The accounts of those <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />who have & who have not seen such a Town as <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0551618 https://www.geonames.org/1259166">Purneah</placeName> in <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005199 https://www.geonames.org/1252881">Bengal</placeName> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />are sufficiently different & instructive.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> The <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Yarou</placeName> is navigable for <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Skin Boats, in the rainy season, from <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H9231633 https://www.geonames.org/1281119">Giantchi</placeName> to <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H3683728 https://www.geonames.org/1279715">Digarchi</placeName>, & from <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H3683728 https://www.geonames.org/1279715">Digarchi</placeName> to the meridian of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0011427 http://www.geonames.org/1280737">Lhassa</placeName>; but the course is very tortuous: <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />it flows, between lofty mountain ranges, far East of the great Lake (I <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />forget its proper name, not Yarbongh, as it is called on the Maps): it is<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="304v" /><fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folNum">6</fw>certainly very large, but the Island is small, towards the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.W.</abbr> <expan>South West</expan> </choice> angle. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />The <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Yarou</placeName> trends South, & the country is warm, producing the <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Morus">Mulberry</name> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& some say Silk & <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Oryza">Rice</name>. Every Thibetan describes the people near the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />bend<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>,</orig> <reg /> </choice> as atrocious Savages, dwelling in mountainous woods, bordering <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0002582 https://www.geonames.org/1278253">Assam</placeName>: they are the A<del xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#s">r</del>bors & Bor-A<del xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#s">r</del>bors, of course. There the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Yarou</placeName> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />(they say) enters the Mountains, & flows <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.</abbr> <expan>South</expan> </choice> to the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Brahma-pootra</placeName>. The stream <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />is there too rapid to admit of navigation & the inhabitants of its banks <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />are too savage. East of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">Bhotan</placeName>, by <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H137183">Towang</placeName>, there is no snow, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">en route</hi> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />from <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0002582 https://www.geonames.org/1278253">Assam</placeName> to <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>, & <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Juniperus">Juniper</name> grows to the mountain-tops. The Rivers, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />from a little way South of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Yarou</placeName>, flow to <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0002582 https://www.geonames.org/1278253">Assam</placeName>; <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow">N</del> <add place="across">n</add> </subst>or is the boundary <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of East <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">Bhotan</placeName> well-defined. All the various information<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">,</supplied> which I <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />gained respecting the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Yarou</placeName>, was to the same import, & my informants <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />were very numerous. The best was a well-educated Monk, who was <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />brought up at <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="a7a743c9-81f6-4f93-a743-c981f6df9381" corresp="#d7873b14-667b-49f6-873b-14667b79f663" type="editorialNote">Mendoling</ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="d7873b14-667b-49f6-873b-14667b79f663" corresp="#a7a743c9-81f6-4f93-a743-c981f6df9381" type="editorial">Hier handelt es sich vermutlich um das Kloster <placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H7239222">Mindrölling</placeName> in <placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H1460789">Zentraltibet</placeName>.</note>, a Goompta, 2 days South of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Yarou</placeName>, situ<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />ated on a river, flowing to <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H137183">Towang</placeName>, & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0002582 https://www.geonames.org/1278253">Assam</placeName>, 5 days off. <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H7995962">Menchona</placeName> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />is the Mart of that quarter, & the only great one East of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H5785409 https://www.geonames.org/1280354">Pari</placeName>. North <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Yarou</placeName> is the <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="Salz">Salt</name>-country, lofty, rugged, barren & inhospitable to the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />last degree. The <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="Yak">Yak</name> cannot proceed beyond a few marches North of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H3683728 https://www.geonames.org/1279715">Digarchi</placeName>, & <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="Schaf">sheep</name> are almost the only Beasts of burthen, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">except Men</hi>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.13	p	Respecting the Physical features of <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">Eastern <placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName></hi>, its manners, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">customs</hi> & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />agriculture, religion, &c, I gleaned many particulars; but I fear they would <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />only weary you. Your general account is admirable. Plains, as you say, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />are but local features, & very limited ones: – the country is one of stupen<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />dous, rugged mountain-chains, – & not of Plains or Table Land. The <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />flat-floored valleys & scarped-flanked Mountains are of comparati<unclear xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" reason="illegible" cert="high">vel</unclear>y <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />uniform elevation above the Sea, but widely variable as to their height <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />above the valleys, giving to <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>East<hi rendition="#sup">n</hi>.</abbr> <expan>Eastern</expan> </choice> <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName> a very different look from the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Snowy <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalaya</placeName>. The absence of snow & wood completes the illusion; <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& as you truly remark, the Traveller, who suddenly comes upon the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />features of an open country, the access to which begins abruptly, is <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />very apt to be deceived (in its elevation): the Theodolite alone can<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="305r" /><fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folNum">7</fw>dispel the error.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> The Line of Perpetual Snow is about <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="15000" unit="foot">15,000 feet</measure>, where <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the masses of the Mountains first rise so high; it gradually rises with <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the increasing height of the land to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="19000" unit="foot">19,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>, – & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="19500" unit="foot">19,500</measure> is the lowest <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />mean Level, in <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>Lat.</abbr> <expan>Latitude</expan> </choice> 28°. 30′, <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>Long.</abbr> <expan>Longitude</expan> </choice> 88<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">°</supplied> East, – & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="15000" unit="foot">15,000</measure> in the same Longitude <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>Lat.</abbr> <expan>Latitude</expan> </choice> 27°. 30′.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> I have seen well-defined patches lower down on the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />South flanks of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0000349 https://www.geonames.org/1283259">Kinchin</placeName>.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> Glaciers abound, but not towards the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Southern limits of the Perpetual Snow, where the mountains are too <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />rugged.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.14	p	It is a remarkable fact that every River Valley which I have ascended <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />opens out & becomes broad & flat-floored, at about <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="10000" unit="foot">10,000 feet</measure>: it <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />becomes imper<subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow">f</del> <add place="across">c</add> </subst>eptibly more & more so as you ascend; & when it has <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />conducted you above the limits of clouds, rain & snow, it gradually <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />becomes drier, barren & more Thibetan.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.15	p	The Average Rain-fall at <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017337 https://www.geonames.org/1273467">Darjeeling</placeName> is <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="120" unit="zoll_englisch">120 inches</measure>, & it is progressively <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />less in the Interior till the mountains reach to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="15000" unit="foot">15,000 feet</measure>, when the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />quantity of rain suddenly diminishes.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.16	p	The first Snow descends on the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName> <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayah</placeName> at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="15000" unit="foot">15,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>, in <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />September, & does not always melt. In <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName> the Snow Line descends <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />in <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>Oct.</abbr> <expan>October</expan> </choice>, – in <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName> not till December. In the drier mountain parts, again <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />it melts up to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 <choice> <abbr>ft</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>. In <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>, as far North as <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H3828425">Kiong-lah</placeName>, snow <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />often falls in the end of <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>Aug<hi rendition="#sup">t</hi>.</abbr> <expan>August</expan> </choice> & <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>Sept.</abbr> <expan>September</expan> </choice> every year, & melts again to <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="19000" unit="foot">19,000 <choice> <abbr>ft</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>. As the Rains are not over till <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>Oct.</abbr> <expan>October</expan> </choice>, the sporadic falls are <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />numerous & quite disguise the Perpetual Snow.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.17	p	You have correctly appreciated the many complicated phenomena <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of Precipitation, Evaporation, Solar & Terrestrial Radiation. These <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />all act differently, whether as to amount, duration, or effect, at different <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />seasons of the year, North & South of the Snowy Mountains. Still, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />their effects are progressively greater, in going from the Snows of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayah</placeName> to those of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.18	p	If I were to compare <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName> with the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>N.W.</abbr> <expan>North West</expan> </choice> <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayah</placeName>, I should say <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />that the Snow Line is lower in <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName>, because a far greater quantity <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />falls, & the sky is more cloudy.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.19	p	With regard to the Mountain Axis in <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0002578">Asia</placeName>, I do not doubt it is <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayah</placeName>, i. e. the mountain-mass, between the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Yarou</placeName> & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the Plains of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005199 https://www.geonames.org/1252881">Bengal</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.20	p	The greatest mean Elevation is probably <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18000" unit="foot">18,000 feet</measure>: it is North of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the Snowy <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayah</placeName> & zigzag: – proportionally very little of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Snowy <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayah</placeName> rises above <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18000" unit="foot">18,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>; – & the <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="300" unit="foot">300 feet</measure> of <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">that</hi>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />which is exposed to view in a straight line, gives the delusive effect <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of a mountain-chain, on this side the main axis & water-shed.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.21	p	I have the pleasant company of my old friend & College-companion <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0003944 http://d-nb.info/gnd/117351946">D<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>. Thomson</persName><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>,</orig> <reg /> </choice> (of the Scientific Mission to <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>): he is a man of great <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />enthusiasm & the highest scientific attainments. Before we met, he <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />had, independently, adopted the same view of the Snowy <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayah</placeName> as <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />I did in <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName>; & all that we can see from these mountains appears <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />to confirm it. <persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0003944 http://d-nb.info/gnd/117351946">D<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>. <choice> <abbr>T.</abbr> <expan>Thomson</expan> </choice></persName> has visited the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017455 https://www.geonames.org/7449791">Karakoran</placeName> Pass, & finds it as <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />laid down in your map to <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="a05688a4-43ff-4203-9688-a443ffe20308" corresp="#ce0777fc-bf75-4565-8777-fcbf759565f5" type="editorialNote"><hi rendition="#u">Asie Centrale</hi></ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="ce0777fc-bf75-4565-8777-fcbf759565f5" corresp="#a05688a4-43ff-4203-9688-a443ffe20308" type="editorial"><bibl corresp="https://edition-humboldt.de/TKGUVJEV">Humboldt 1843, III</bibl>. Am Ende des Bandes findet sich die Karte „Chaines de montagnes et volcans de l’Asie centrale“ auf ungezähltem Blatt.</note>. He regards the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017455 https://www.geonames.org/7449791">Karako<g ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb break="no" />ran</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009066 http://www.geonames.org/1280524">Muztagh</placeName> as the real continuation of the axis, which runs <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>N.W.</abbr> <expan>North West</expan> </choice> from <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0018705 https://www.geonames.org/1280615">Mansarovar</placeName>. The latter is, indeed, another <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">noeud</hi>, from <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />which radiate chains of mountains, – one, dividing the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006690 https://www.geonames.org/1115007">Indus</placeName> from <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0018184 https://www.geonames.org/1115006">Sutlej</placeName>, another North of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006690 https://www.geonames.org/1115007">Indus</placeName>, & another South of the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0018184 https://www.geonames.org/1115006">Sutlej</placeName>.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> In fact, the course of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006690 https://www.geonames.org/1115007">Indus</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0018184 https://www.geonames.org/1115006">Sutlej</placeName> much resembles <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />that of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H9547661 https://www.geonames.org/1255591">Soubansiri</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Yarou</placeName>, the latter being the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Dihong</placeName> & finally <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010714 https://www.geonames.org/1208092">Brahmapootra</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.22	p	With regard to <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">Atmospheric phenomena</hi>, I found the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.</abbr> <expan>South</expan> </choice> East wind <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />to prevail up to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18000" unit="foot">18,000 feet</measure>; whereas, at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="24000" unit="foot">24,000</measure>, the westerly current <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />is perennial. The <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.E.</abbr> <expan>South East</expan> </choice> wind is all but perennial in <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName>, but is consi<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />derably checked by the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayah</placeName>; still, it keeps <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName> cloudy & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />showery from May till <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>Oct<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi></abbr> <expan>October</expan> </choice>.<space xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" dim="horizontal" /> The <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>S.</abbr> <expan>South</expan> </choice> East Monsoon hardly reaches <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName>: the currents, being generally between the <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow"><gap reason="covered" unit="words" quantity="1" /></del> <add place="across"><placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H1541238">Garrows</placeName></add> </subst> & the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H6580249">Rajma<g ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb break="no" />hal Mountains</placeName>, cause the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName> <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayah</placeName> to be much wetter than <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">Bhotan</placeName> Mountains, which are sheltered by the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H2759692 https://www.geonames.org/1266856">Khossyah</placeName>. In these<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="306r" /><fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folNum">9</fw>latter mountains, the rain is excessive: <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="350" unit="zoll_englisch">350 inches</measure> fell last year at <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H3488959">Churra</placeName> & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="120" unit="zoll_englisch">120</measure> this last <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" from="1850-07-01" to="1850-07-31" calendar="#gregorian">July</date>. I have, several times, carefully measured <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11" unit="zoll_englisch">11 inches</measure> in 12 hours. There is no error in my Instruments, nor in <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />those<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>,</orig> <reg /> </choice> established at <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#s"><placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0016218 https://www.geonames.org/1275004">Calcutta</placeName></del> <add place="superlinear"><placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H3488959">Churra</placeName></add> </subst><supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">.</supplied> The Atmospheric pressure Temperature <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& the Wet Bulb I register as often as possible, without interfering <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />with my other pursuits; & I find that a Thermometer, buried at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="3" unit="foot">3 <lb />feet</measure>, gives very valuable results.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.23	p	The Atmospheric Tide is uniform, as to time, at all elevations; but <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />the amount gradually diminishes, & progressively with the elevation; <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />– at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 feet</measure> it appears to be but a few thousandths of an <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="1" unit="zoll_englisch">inch</measure>. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />I almost invariably read off all the Instruments 7 times in the 24 <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />hours; & I have horary observations, from all heights, up to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="16000" unit="foot">16,000 <choice> <abbr>ft</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>. – <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />I take the same times as at the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0016218 https://www.geonames.org/1275004">Calcutta</placeName> Observatory.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.24	p	For Geodetical Observations I have little leisure, & confine my<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />self to a careful survey of my route; & occasionally I note the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />elevations of remarkable distant mountains. The Survey & numberless <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Barometric Observations, over all parts of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName>, may afford elements <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />for a computation of the mean mass of that section of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalaya</placeName>. <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />I have found vegetation up to <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18500" unit="foot">18,500 feet</measure> <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">in <placeName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName><choice> <orig>:</orig> <reg /> </choice></add>: herbaceous plants are <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />sufficiently abundant at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18000" unit="foot">18,000</measure>, in certain spots; & among Shrubs I <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />have several species of <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Lonicera</name></hi>, & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Rhododendron</name></hi>, from above <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 <lb />feet</measure>, with <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Gnaphalium</name></hi> & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Ephedra</name></hi>. A <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Urtica"> Nettle</name> (<name type="plant">Urtica</name>)</hi> attains this <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />elevation; so do <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Zannichellia</name></hi> & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Ranunculus</name></hi> (in water<choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Compositae">Compositæ</name></hi> are <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">decidedly</add> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />however, the most alpine order; many genera, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Gnaphalium</name></hi>, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Saussurea</name></hi>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Artemisia</name></hi> & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Erigeron</name></hi>, occurring between <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000</measure> & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17500" unit="foot">17,500 feet</measure>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />along with <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Astragalus</name> & <name type="plant">Valeriana</name></hi> (<hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Nardostachys</name></hi><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> A <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="Coleopterous insect"><hi rendition="#u">Coleopterous</hi> <lb />Insect</name>, allied to <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Meloe">Meloe</name></hi> (<metamark xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">?</metamark>), & <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Acarus">Acarus</name></hi> are found, inhabiting <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="18500" unit="foot">18,500 <lb />feet</measure>, along with the <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="Equus kiang"><hi rendition="#u">Kiang</hi></name> or <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="animal" key="Equus kiang" subtype="vernacular">Wild Ass</name>, & various <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Ruminantia">Ruminants</name></hi>: there, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />too, the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Fuchs">Fox</name></hi>, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Hase">Hare</name></hi>, & two species of lesser <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Rodentia">Rodents</name></hi> burrow, all of <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />which have Parasites. At <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000</measure>, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Biene">Bees</name></hi> live & feed: <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal">Diptera</name></hi> are common:<pb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" n="306v" /><fw xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="folNum">10</fw><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal">Ephemera</name></hi> is found & <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="bc81c8b6-9663-4167-81c8-b696638167d2" corresp="#ff9d8dbe-f581-4074-9d8d-bef5810074e1" type="editorialNote"><hi rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Papilionoidea"><choice> <sic>Papilionaceæ</sic> <corr>Papilionoidea</corr> </choice></name></hi></ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="ff9d8dbe-f581-4074-9d8d-bef5810074e1" corresp="#bc81c8b6-9663-4167-81c8-b696638167d2" type="editorial">In der Abschrift steht <name type="plant">Papilionaceae</name>, ein früherer Name für Hülsenfrüchtler. Gemeint sind jedoch <name type="animal" key="Papilionoidea">Papilionoidea</name>, eine Überfamilie der Schmetterlinge.</note> of two Genera <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow">.</del> <add place="across">(</add> </subst><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal">Polyommatus</name></hi> & <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Argynnis">Argyn<unclear reason="illegible" cert="high">n</unclear>is</name></hi><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.)</orig> <reg>).</reg> </choice> The large <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Carabidae">Carabideæ</name></hi>, which are seen on the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0002402 https://www.geonames.org/2661786">European Alps</placeName>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />do not inhabit the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalaya</placeName>, & their absence is an anomaly. At <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="16000" unit="foot">16,000 feet</measure> I have observed the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Stubenfliege">Housefly</name></hi> & the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal">Lumbricus</name></hi>. The <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Moschustiere">Musk Deer</name></hi> I never detected, even in Midsummer, at very high alti<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />tudes, never above <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="12000" unit="foot">12,000 feet</measure>; there is, however<supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">,</supplied> another species <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />in <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>. A <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="animal" key="Affe">Monkey</name></hi> inhabits the woods at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11000" unit="foot">11,000 feet</measure>, but is more <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />common at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="9000" unit="foot">9,000</measure>. The Limits of the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Pinus pinea" subtype="vernacular">Pines</name></hi> are very curious & well-<lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />marked, differing both from <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005234 https://www.geonames.org/1252634">Bhotan</placeName> & the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>N.W.</abbr> <expan>North West</expan> </choice> <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalaya</placeName>. There is <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />no <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Cedrus deodara" subtype="vernacular">Deodar</name></hi>, nor <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Pinus excelsa</name></hi>, nor <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Gerardiana</name></hi>, nor <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Cupressus torulosa</name></hi>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />whereas the <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Cupressus funebris"><choice> <abbr>C.</abbr> <expan>Cupressus</expan> </choice> funebris</name></hi> (<metamark xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">?</metamark>) of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0007396 https://www.geonames.org/1814991">China</placeName> is <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">commonly</add> planted: & there is a <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Pinus longifolia" subtype="vernacular">Wild Larch <lb />(Pinus longifolia)</name></hi> at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="1000" unit="foot">1,</measure>-<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="4000" unit="foot">4,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure> – <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Taxus" subtype="vernacular">Yew (Taxus)</name></hi> <del xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#s">17</del> <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="7000" unit="foot">7,</measure>-<measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="10000" unit="foot">10,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure> – <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Abies Brunonis</name>, <name type="plant" key="Larix" subtype="vernacular">Larch</name> & <name type="plant">Abies Khutrow</name></hi> (alias <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Abies smithiana">Smithiana</name></hi>) all occur <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />between <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="8000" unit="foot">8,</measure> & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11000" unit="foot">11,000 feet</measure>. An erect <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Juniperus">Tree-Juniper</name></hi> & fruticose <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Rhododen<g ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb break="no" />dron</name></hi><subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <del rendition="#ow">.</del> <add place="across"> (</add> </subst><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11000" unit="foot">8 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure> high), <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Betula">Birch</name></hi><choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <orig>.</orig> <reg>,</reg> </choice> <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Salix">Willow</name> & <name type="plant">Pyrus</name></hi>, ascend to near <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="15000" unit="foot">15,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure> in <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />favourable situations, & are all stunted. <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" key="Lonicera">Loniceræ</name></hi> are, however, the com<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />mon shrubs at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="14000" unit="foot">14,000 feet</measure> (several species of the genus), with <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Rosa</name></hi>, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant">Berberis</name></hi>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.25	p	My Geological notes want all to be worked up. <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="Gneis">Gneiss</name> is the preva<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />lent formation, between <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="7000" unit="foot">7</measure> & <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>; above that <subst xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <add place="sublinear">Encrinitic</add> <del rendition="#s">(<metamark>?</metamark>)</del> </subst> <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="Granit">Granites</name>; & in <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>, fossiliferous <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="Kalkstein">Limestone</name> & Tertiary Rocks. Below <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="7000" unit="foot">7,000 feet</measure>, the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="Glimmer">Mica</name> & <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="Ton">Clay</name> slates, <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="Sandstein">Sandstone</name> & <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="Kohle">Coal</name>. There is no <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="Kalk">Lime</name>, in <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName>-<lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Proper, – except as a Deposit. Hot-springs, of temperature <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" unit="fahrenheit" quantity="110">110.°</measure>, I have <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />found, at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 <choice> <abbr>ft.</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>, with <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="Schwefel">sulphur</name>ous <name xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="mineral" key="Salz">Salts</name>. The most curious & novel <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />Geological feature consists in the magnificent <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u">Moraines</hi>, which abound <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />in every valley, descending from the Snow. They commence at <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="10000" unit="foot">10,</measure><supplied xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" cert="high">-</supplied><measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="11000" unit="foot">11,000 <lb />feet</measure>, & may thence be traced continuously up to the Glaciers themselves, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />whose lower edges, often <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="20" unit="mile">20 miles</measure> higher up the valley, are always <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />at about <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="17000" unit="foot">17,000 feet</measure>. The proofs seem therefore evident, of a gradual <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />sinking of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayas</placeName>. I could perceive no signs of a rising, but abund<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />ant <add xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="superlinear">evidence</add> of the contrary phenomenon. The Glaciers have certainly receded <measure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" quantity="7000" unit="foot">7,000 <choice> <abbr>ft</abbr> <expan>feet</expan> </choice></measure>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.26	p	And now it is high time to draw this long letter to a close: I <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />fear I have but poorly succeeded in my attempt to inform you <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of what I am about.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.27	p	<persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0003944 http://d-nb.info/gnd/117351946">D<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>. Thomson</persName> & I mean to continue our explorations till <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" from="1850-11-01" to="1850-11-30" calendar="#gregorian"><choice> <abbr>Nov<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>.</abbr> <expan>November</expan> </choice></date> in <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />this neighborhood. We shall then visit <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H5532789 https://www.geonames.org/1275009">Cachar</placeName>, <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H5534643 https://www.geonames.org/1205733">Chittagong</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0021451">Arra<g ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb break="no" />can</placeName>, from whence we embark for <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0016218 https://www.geonames.org/1275004">Calcutta</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005653 https://www.geonames.org/6269131">England</placeName> in the spring <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of <date xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" when="1851" calendar="#gregorian">next year</date>. Our conjoined collections will be enormous: his con<g xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="#typoHyphen" /><lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />tains 4000 species, from the Plains of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006686 https://www.geonames.org/1269750">India</placeName>, <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0009370 https://www.geonames.org/1279685">Thibet</placeName>, the <choice xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <abbr>N.W.</abbr> <expan>North West</expan> </choice> <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalaya</placeName>, <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0000378 https://www.geonames.org/1440268">Kashmir</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0011337 https://www.geonames.org/1172451">Lahore</placeName>: – mine nearly as many, from the <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" /><placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010238 https://www.geonames.org/1256312">Sikkim</placeName> <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalaya</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0005199 https://www.geonames.org/1252881">Bengal</placeName>. We have gathered, together, upwards <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />of 3,000 species more & we expect to add perhaps another thousand <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />from <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H5534643 https://www.geonames.org/1205733">Chittagong</placeName> & <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0021451">Arracan</placeName>. The vegetation here is perfectly won<lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" break="no" />derful: we have 20 <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#u"><name type="plant" subtype="vernacular" key="Quercus">Oaks</name></hi> alone, from the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H2759692 https://www.geonames.org/1266856">Khassyah <choice> <abbr>M<hi rendition="#sup">ts</hi>.</abbr> <expan>Mountains</expan> </choice></placeName> & an <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />equal number from the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0006863 https://www.geonames.org/1252558">Himalayah</placeName>.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.28	p	You will be sorry to hear that Mr. <persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0011923 http://d-nb.info/gnd/118863703">Hodgson</persName> of <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017337 https://www.geonames.org/1273467">Darjeeling</placeName> has been, <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />& still is, seriously ill: he always desires his grateful regards to <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />you, when he knows I am writing.
urn:cts:humboldtdigital:letter.H0020423:1.29	p	I rejoice to hear of your continued health. The <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="d7bdc9cf-c6e0-4bfa-bdc9-cfc6e02bfa8e" corresp="#de8f1822-0993-40fd-8f18-22099300fd4b" type="editorialNote">news of the <persName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0002178 http://d-nb.info/gnd/118535994">King <lb />of Prussia</persName>’s accident reached me here</ref><note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="de8f1822-0993-40fd-8f18-22099300fd4b" corresp="#d7bdc9cf-c6e0-4bfa-bdc9-cfc6e02bfa8e" type="editorial">In einem Brief an <persName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0000936 http://d-nb.info/gnd/11860130X">Carl Ritter</persName> schreibt Alexander von Humboldt vermutlich am 28. Februar 1850, dass <persName ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0002178 http://d-nb.info/gnd/118535994">Friedrich Wilhelm IV.</persName> aufgrund eines Stoßes an einer steinernen Bank bettlägerig sei (<bibl corresp="https://edition-humboldt.de/FVBJTHCM">Humboldt 2010</bibl>, 109).</note>: – I knew it would afflict <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />you: & I now rejoice, with all the scientific world, that a Sovereign <lb xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" />who has the true interests of Science so much at heart, has recovered.