The metallic, shimmering tents for which Westerners named Mongolia’s Golden Horde emblazoned <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0010689 https://www.geonames.org/2017370">Russia</placeName>’s precious metal industry with an exotic prehistory, as if to place the Russian Emperor in a succession of “Golden Princes (<hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#i">Altun-khans</hi>).”<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="foot" xml:id="ftn43" n="43"> <bibl corresp="https://edition-humboldt.de/DV9UD9GW">Humboldt 1844</bibl>, I, 161.</note> Shortly after Humboldt’s journey, the senate endorsed this vision by renaming <persName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0001165 http://d-nb.info/gnd/118588079">Nicholas’</persName> Kolywanskie factories the Altai factories (<hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#i">Altaiskii gornyi okrug</hi>). Meanwhile, to the east, new deposits of gold were being unearthed in the Kara of the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0017338 https://www.geonames.org/7779061">Transbaikal</placeName>, just as the Polish and Lithuanian uprisings of 1830/31 created a massive influx of convict labor. In fetters, they marched across the <placeName xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ref="https://edition-humboldt.de/H0002407 https://www.geonames.org/1516401">Altai</placeName> to so-called Siberian Gold Rush of the 1830s and 40s. By mid-century, Russia produced 40 percent of the world’s gold.