Inequality is also addressed in literary and cultural studies, where big data, quantitative and qualitative approaches are used to examine racial inequality in publishing <?biblio ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"tOF5JKfM","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(So 2021)","plainCitation":"(So 2021)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":6037,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/TDQ4J6CT"],"itemData":{"id":6037,"type":"book","abstract":"/"The canon of postwar American fiction has changed over the past few decades to include far more writers of color. It would appear that we are making progress-recovering marginalized voices and including those who were for far too long ignored. However, is this celebratory narrative borne out in the data? Richard Jean So draws on big data, literary history, and close readings to offer an unprecedented analysis of racial inequality in American publishing that reveals the persistence of an extreme bias toward white authors. In fact, a defining feature of the publishing industry is its vast whiteness, which has denied nonwhite authors, especially black writers, the coveted resources of publishing, reviews, prizes, and sales, with profound effects on the language, form, and content of the postwar novel. Rather than seeing the postwar period as the era of multiculturalism, So argues that we should understand it as the invention of a new form of racial inequality-one that continues to shape the arts and literature today. Interweaving data analysis of large-scale patterns with a consideration of Toni Morrison's career as an editor at Random House and readings of individual works by Octavia Butler, Henry Dumas, Amy Tan, and others, So develops a form of criticism that brings together qualitative and quantitative approaches to the study of literature. A vital and provocative work for American literary studies, critical race studies, and the digital humanities, Redlining Culture shows the importance of data and computational methods for understanding and challenging racial inequality/"--","call-number":"PS153.N5 S63 2021","event-place":"New York","ISBN":"978-0-231-19772-4","number-of-pages":"225","publisher":"Columbia University Press","publisher-place":"New York","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"Redlining culture: a data history of racial inequality and postwar fiction","title-short":"Redlining culture","author":[{"family":"So","given":"Richard Jean"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(So, 2021). Overall, in computational literary studies digital methods have shifted focus to questions of the inclusiveness of literary history and the canon <?biblio ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"9CTQZClo","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Jockers 2013; Weitin 2021; Underwood et al. 2022)","plainCitation":"(Jockers 2013; Weitin 2021; Underwood et al. 2022)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1198,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/HUYTCXT9"],"itemData":{"id":1198,"type":"book","call-number":"PN73 .J63 2013","collection-title":"Topics in the digital humanities","event-place":"Urbana","ISBN":"978-0-252-03752-8","number-of-pages":"192","publisher":"University of Illinois Press","publisher-place":"Urbana","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"Macroanalysis: digital methods and literary history","title-short":"Macroanalysis","author":[{"family":"Jockers","given":"Matthew L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}},{"id":56,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/7RXZ4Y2M"],"itemData":{"id":56,"type":"book","collection-title":"Digitale Literaturwissenschaft","event-place":"Berlin, Heidelberg","ISBN":"978-3-662-63662-6","language":"de","note":"DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-63663-3","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","publisher-place":"Berlin, Heidelberg","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Digitale Literaturgeschichte: Eine Versuchsreihe mit sieben Experimenten","title-short":"Digitale Literaturgeschichte","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-63663-3","author":[{"family":"Weitin","given":"Thomas"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2022",1,14]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]}}},{"id":6167,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/334B4GW9"],"itemData":{"id":6167,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"New Literary History","DOI":"10.1353/nlh.2022.a898319","ISSN":"1080-661X","issue":"1","journalAbbreviation":"nlh","language":"en","page":"519-530","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Culture, Theory, Data: An Introduction","title-short":"Culture, Theory, Data","volume":"54","author":[{"family":"Underwood","given":"Ted"},{"family":"McGrath","given":"Laura"},{"family":"So","given":"Richard Jean"},{"family":"Wellmon","given":"Chad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",9]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(Jockers, 2013; Weitin, 2021; Underwood et al., 2022). Similarly, projects in Digital Provenance Research, especially within colonial contexts, focus on including the perspectives of societies of origin and therefore alternate narratives when presenting data online; an example is the database Digital Benin (Digital Benin). In the context of research data, the interests of societies of origins, especially those of indigenous communities, aim to be protected by the so-called CARE-principles (collective benefit, authority to control, responsibility, ethics) <?biblio ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"SX6fKATI","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Carroll et al. 2020)","plainCitation":"(Carroll et al. 2020)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":6250,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/W5JLBX27"],"itemData":{"id":6250,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Data science journal","note":"publisher: Committee on Data for Science and Technology","title":"The CARE principles for indigenous data governance","volume":"19","author":[{"family":"Carroll","given":"Stephanie"},{"family":"Garba","given":"Ibrahim"},{"family":"Figueroa-Rodríguez","given":"Oscar"},{"family":"Holbrook","given":"Jarita"},{"family":"Lovett","given":"Raymond"},{"family":"Materechera","given":"Simeon"},{"family":"Parsons","given":"Mark"},{"family":"Raseroka","given":"Kay"},{"family":"Rodriguez-Lonebear","given":"Desi"},{"family":"Rowe","given":"Robyn"},{"literal":"others"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(Carroll et al., 2020).