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urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:1.1.1	p	when the russian federation attacked ukraine on february 22nd, 2022, a handful of digital humanities scholars were quick to react. anna kijas, quinn dombrowski, and sebastian majstorovic launched the saving ukrainian cultural heritage online volunteer initiative (sucho). soon sucho would connect over 1,500 volunteers and save over 51 tb of data constituting contemporary ukrainian online cultural heritage <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"vddocqwt","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(dombrowski et al. 2022)","plaincitation":"(dombrowski et al. 2022)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":6244,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/5b3zfvcm"],"itemdata":{"id":6244,"type":"report","genre":"end of year report","language":"en","number":"1","page":"9","publisher":"sucho","title":"sucho end of year report 2022","url":"https://www.sucho.org/assets/mar-dec-2022_end_of_year_updates.pdf","author":[{"family":"dombrowski","given":"quinn"},{"family":"kijas","given":"anna"},{"family":"majstorovic","given":"sebastian"},{"family":"joliceour","given":"kiley"},{"family":"peaslee","given":"erica"},{"family":"segerberg","given":"andreas"},{"family":"rakityanskaya","given":"anna"},{"family":"wingate","given":"alex"},{"family":"malygina","given":"ekaterina"},{"family":"Ånäs","given":"susanna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(dombrowski et al., 2022). phase two of the project included an even more practical component to preserve online cultural heritage: sending equipment to various institutions in ukraine, including archives and museums. while the humanitarian impact of this initiative is hard to overstate, it also makes us think about the purpose of digital humanities beyond academia.
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:1.1.2	p	the range of skills developed by digital humanists is extensive. in practice, the contexts in which these skills are used can be relatively confined. digital humanities ranges from the conservation and curation of objects and artifacts to the creation of digital products. however, the infrastructures needed for this work tend to be situated within academic or cultural institutions, guided and guarded by specific funding frameworks. additionally, limits to the reach of digital humanities work may be linked to the objects under analysis themselves. digitized artifacts tend to be subject to ex-post analyses, where considerations of copyright and access rights increase the distance between the analysis and the present-day real world.
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:1.1.3	p	our proposal for an applied digital humanities calls for greater emphasis on the societal impact of digital humanities research. we are not suggesting to re-invent the wheel though. research landscapes as in the uk, for instance, have demonstrated a variety of approaches to the societal impact of (digital) humanities research. what we are arguing for is a new understanding of applied research that shifts the focus in digital humanities from methods and approaches to the societal purposes of our humanities research. this understanding is in line with various initiatives within the humanities which urge for the establishment of "institutions for applied humanities in order to develop perspectives that help society to cope with important societal challenges." <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"xgwz1itv","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(brom 2019, 1)","plaincitation":"(brom 2019, 1)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":6220,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/v88vntkw"],"itemdata":{"id":6220,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"palgrave communications","issue":"1","note":"publisher: springer science and business media llc","title":"institutionalizing applied humanities: enabling a stronger role for the humanities in interdisciplinary research for public policy","volume":"5","author":[{"family":"brom","given":"frans wa"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}},"locator":"1","label":"page"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(brom, 2019, 1). the creation of sucho is a response to such a challenge. the urgency for digital humanities to evolve becomes even clearer in the current age of polycrisis. the war in ukraine does not just affect ukraine: it is an example of a polycrisis where democracies around the globe are under threat.
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urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:1.2.1	p	in digital humanities, we have a tradition of reflecting on what it means to be part of the field. equally, it can be useful to consider what it means to push the field’s boundaries. thinking about types of research more generally, the following terms provide a useful starting-point. to characterise academic work that is limited to a mere description of societal change there is the concept of <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="bold">transformation research</hi> <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"s4igdsvj","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(kollmorgen, merkel, and wagener 2015, 24)","plaincitation":"(kollmorgen, merkel, and wagener 2015, 24)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":6191,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/tu9llq2h"],"itemdata":{"id":6191,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"handbuch transformationsforschung","language":"ger","note":"publisher: springer","page":"11–27","title":"transformation und transformationsforschung: zur einführung","author":[{"family":"kollmorgen","given":"raj"},{"family":"merkel","given":"wolfgang"},{"family":"wagener","given":"hans-jürgen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}},"locator":"24","label":"page"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(kollmorgen et al., 2015, 24). in digital humanities, this is the kind of work that seeks to understand the changes brought about by digital innovation in humanities and the impact they have: in art history, for example, works discuss how ai technologies change our understanding and production of art <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"8te5dpbr","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(paul 2023)","plaincitation":"(paul 2023)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":6258,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/983nzmhq"],"itemdata":{"id":6258,"type":"book","collection-title":"world of art","edition":"fourth edition","event-place":"london","isbn":"978-0-500-20480-1","language":"eng","number-of-pages":"358","publisher":"thames and hudson","publisher-place":"london","source":"k10plus isbn","title":"digital art","author":[{"family":"paul","given":"christiane"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(paul, 2023). then there is <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="bold">transformative research</hi>; which is characterized by community involvement. transformative research shares its findings with the public and so provides opportunities for adjustment and change <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"ldvh0fto","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(mertens 2008)","plaincitation":"(mertens 2008)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":6190,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/klwyks2a"],"itemdata":{"id":6190,"type":"book","publisher":"guilford press","title":"transformative research and evaluation","author":[{"family":"mertens","given":"donna m"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(mertens, 2008) <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="annotation_reference">. f</hi>inally, <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="bold">activist research</hi> is conducted by academic institutions in close collaboration with activist groups and ngos and typically is committed "to long-haul struggles for change" <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"2ds4zze3","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(choudry 2013, 146)","plaincitation":"(choudry 2013, 146)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":6194,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/ak9c8xtc"],"itemdata":{"id":6194,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"socialist studies/Études socialistes","title":"activist research practice: exploring research and knowledge production for social action","author":[{"family":"choudry","given":"aziz"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}},"locator":"146","label":"page"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(choudry, 2013, 146). our initial example of the sucho initiative might not have the hallmark of long-haul struggles at this point in time, but certainly illustrates activism. what we propose as <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="bold">applied digital humanities</hi> is digital humanities research that emphasizes its applied humanities perspective. it is research with a humanities purpose. it aims to tackle real-world challenges by drawing on innovative digital methods and approaches. in the following, we will look at examples of data and representation that already indicate close relationships between societal issues and digital humanities research, then we will move on to propose concrete steps for a more applied digital humanities.
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urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:1.3.1	p	there are many routes to tackling real-world challenges. within the space of this paper, we focus on just one of them – a critical perspective on the data we use in digital humanities and what we represent through it. data collection (whether text, images, objects) always needs decisions on what is ‘in’ and what is ‘out’ - some perspectives will be included while others are neglected. such decisions depend on a variety of factors, including political, economic and societal ones. such decisions can also severely affect the visibility of specific social groups in digital humanities data. current research practices need to consciously address such issues.
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:1.3.2	p	in critical data studies <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"mqgo9zif","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(dalton and thatcher 2014; kitchin and lauriault 2014)","plaincitation":"(dalton and thatcher 2014; kitchin and lauriault 2014)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":6207,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/tesjdvv7"],"itemdata":{"id":6207,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"society and space","title":"what does a critical data studies look like, and why do we care? seven points for a critical approach to ‘big data’","volume":"29","author":[{"family":"dalton","given":"craig"},{"family":"thatcher","given":"jim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}},{"id":6199,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/t8rp4kta"],"itemdata":{"id":6199,"type":"article-journal","note":"publisher: the programmable city working paper 2","title":"towards critical data studies: charting and unpacking data assemblages and their work","author":[{"family":"kitchin","given":"rob"},{"family":"lauriault","given":"tracey"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(dalton and thatcher, 2014; kitchin and lauriault, 2018) it has become an established practice to question big data, digital representations or infrastructures as non-political spaces, as well as critically discuss their role in relation to power or surveillance and, if necessary, use counter data <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"dfahdxpj","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(dalton and thatcher 2014)","plaincitation":"(dalton and thatcher 2014)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":6207,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/tesjdvv7"],"itemdata":{"id":6207,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"society and space","title":"what does a critical data studies look like, and why do we care? seven points for a critical approach to ‘big data’","volume":"29","author":[{"family":"dalton","given":"craig"},{"family":"thatcher","given":"jim"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(dalton and thatcher, 2014) to help underrepresented perspectives and groups gain more visibility <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"xh5rzwq3","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(iliadis and russo 2016)","plaincitation":"(iliadis and russo 2016)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":6200,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/p6vp2uh5"],"itemdata":{"id":6200,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"big data & society","issue":"2","note":"publisher: sage publications sage uk: london, england","page":"2053951716674238","title":"critical data studies: an introduction","volume":"3","author":[{"family":"iliadis","given":"andrew"},{"family":"russo","given":"federica"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(iliadis and russo, 2016). intersectional digital humanities also acknowledges the need for alternate histories and intellectual diversity. intersectionality as an approach thus “[…] offers a way of examining the history of digital humanities to identify strategies for greater intellectual diversity in the field” <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"c3rbzghq","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(risam 2015)","plaincitation":"(risam 2015)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":6210,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/wt8cjtdp"],"itemdata":{"id":6210,"type":"article-journal","title":"beyond the margins: intersectionality and the digital humanities","author":[{"family":"risam","given":"roopika"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(risam, 2015, 5). similarly, data feminism <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"drs3js5a","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(d//uc0//u8217{}ignazio and klein 2023)","plaincitation":"(d’ignazio and klein 2023)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":5910,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/qd7ruwva"],"itemdata":{"id":5910,"type":"book","abstract":"today, data science is a form of power. it has been used to expose injustice, improve health outcomes, and topple governments. but it has also been used to discriminate, police, and surveil. this potential for good, on the one hand, and harm, on the other, makes it essential to ask: data science by whom? data science for whom? data science with whose interests in mind? the narratives around big data and data science are overwhelmingly white, male, and techno-heroic. the authors present a new way of thinking about data science and data ethics--one that is informed by intersectional feminist thought.--back cover","edition":"first mit press paperback edition","event-place":"cambridge, massachusetts","isbn":"978-0-262-54718-5","language":"eng","note":"oclc: 1354647893","publisher":"the mit press","publisher-place":"cambridge, massachusetts","source":"open worldcat","title":"data feminism","author":[{"family":"d'ignazio","given":"catherine"},{"family":"klein","given":"lauren f."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(d’ignazio and klein, 2023) questions the narratives and structures in data science and big data which are dominantly white and male and ingrained in data analysis, data models or data visualizations.
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:1.3.3	p	inequality is also addressed in literary and cultural studies, where big data, quantitative and qualitative approaches are used to examine racial inequality in publishing <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"tof5jkfm","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(so 2021)","plaincitation":"(so 2021)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":6037,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/tdq4j6ct"],"itemdata":{"id":6037,"type":"book","abstract":"/"the canon of postwar american fiction has changed over the past few decades to include far more writers of color. it would appear that we are making progress-recovering marginalized voices and including those who were for far too long ignored. however, is this celebratory narrative borne out in the data? richard jean so draws on big data, literary history, and close readings to offer an unprecedented analysis of racial inequality in american publishing that reveals the persistence of an extreme bias toward white authors. in fact, a defining feature of the publishing industry is its vast whiteness, which has denied nonwhite authors, especially black writers, the coveted resources of publishing, reviews, prizes, and sales, with profound effects on the language, form, and content of the postwar novel. rather than seeing the postwar period as the era of multiculturalism, so argues that we should understand it as the invention of a new form of racial inequality-one that continues to shape the arts and literature today. interweaving data analysis of large-scale patterns with a consideration of toni morrison's career as an editor at random house and readings of individual works by octavia butler, henry dumas, amy tan, and others, so develops a form of criticism that brings together qualitative and quantitative approaches to the study of literature. a vital and provocative work for american literary studies, critical race studies, and the digital humanities, redlining culture shows the importance of data and computational methods for understanding and challenging racial inequality/"--","call-number":"ps153.n5 s63 2021","event-place":"new york","isbn":"978-0-231-19772-4","number-of-pages":"225","publisher":"columbia university press","publisher-place":"new york","source":"library of congress isbn","title":"redlining culture: a data history of racial inequality and postwar fiction","title-short":"redlining culture","author":[{"family":"so","given":"richard jean"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(so, 2021). overall, in computational literary studies digital methods have shifted focus to questions of the inclusiveness of literary history and the canon <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"9ctqzclo","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(jockers 2013; weitin 2021; underwood et al. 2022)","plaincitation":"(jockers 2013; weitin 2021; underwood et al. 2022)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":1198,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/huytcxt9"],"itemdata":{"id":1198,"type":"book","call-number":"pn73 .j63 2013","collection-title":"topics in the digital humanities","event-place":"urbana","isbn":"978-0-252-03752-8","number-of-pages":"192","publisher":"university of illinois press","publisher-place":"urbana","source":"library of congress isbn","title":"macroanalysis: digital methods and literary history","title-short":"macroanalysis","author":[{"family":"jockers","given":"matthew l."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}},{"id":56,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/7rxz4y2m"],"itemdata":{"id":56,"type":"book","collection-title":"digitale literaturwissenschaft","event-place":"berlin, heidelberg","isbn":"978-3-662-63662-6","language":"de","note":"doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-63663-3","publisher":"springer berlin heidelberg","publisher-place":"berlin, heidelberg","source":"doi.org (crossref)","title":"digitale literaturgeschichte: eine versuchsreihe mit sieben experimenten","title-short":"digitale literaturgeschichte","url":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-63663-3","author":[{"family":"weitin","given":"thomas"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2022",1,14]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]}}},{"id":6167,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/334b4gw9"],"itemdata":{"id":6167,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"new literary history","doi":"10.1353/nlh.2022.a898319","issn":"1080-661x","issue":"1","journalabbreviation":"nlh","language":"en","page":"519-530","source":"doi.org (crossref)","title":"culture, theory, data: an introduction","title-short":"culture, theory, data","volume":"54","author":[{"family":"underwood","given":"ted"},{"family":"mcgrath","given":"laura"},{"family":"so","given":"richard jean"},{"family":"wellmon","given":"chad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",9]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(jockers, 2013; weitin, 2021; underwood et al., 2022). similarly, projects in digital provenance research, especially within colonial contexts, focus on including the perspectives of societies of origin and therefore alternate narratives when presenting data online; an example is the database digital benin (digital benin). in the context of research data, the interests of societies of origins, especially those of indigenous communities, aim to be protected by the so-called care-principles (collective benefit, authority to control, responsibility, ethics) <?biblio addin zotero_item csl_citation {"citationid":"sx6fkati","properties":{"formattedcitation":"(carroll et al. 2020)","plaincitation":"(carroll et al. 2020)","noteindex":0},"citationitems":[{"id":6250,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1975399/items/w5jlbx27"],"itemdata":{"id":6250,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"data science journal","note":"publisher: committee on data for science and technology","title":"the care principles for indigenous data governance","volume":"19","author":[{"family":"carroll","given":"stephanie"},{"family":"garba","given":"ibrahim"},{"family":"figueroa-rodríguez","given":"oscar"},{"family":"holbrook","given":"jarita"},{"family":"lovett","given":"raymond"},{"family":"materechera","given":"simeon"},{"family":"parsons","given":"mark"},{"family":"raseroka","given":"kay"},{"family":"rodriguez-lonebear","given":"desi"},{"family":"rowe","given":"robyn"},{"literal":"others"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?>(carroll et al., 2020).
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:1.3.4	p	a slightly different take on representation is becoming visible in some of the work in digital environmental humanities. digital methods are used to help conserve parts of the natural environment which are in the process of being lost or digital approaches are used to visualize aspects of climate change to help communicate them effectively to the public. here, digitization is less a matter of historical research, or social science, but is a response to urgent societal challenges, which in the case of climate change are part of a polycrisis. as indicated above, another polycrisis of the present time is the crisis of democracy. challenges around representation in data are directly relevant to tackling this crisis. from the point of individual projects, representation – and representativeness – is what needs to be addressed in the collection of a specific data set. cumulatively, however, questions of how data is taken to represent the real world – in terms of equality, diversity, political power relations, etc. – can be made directly relevant to a much bigger picture. if we think about the ‘crisis of democracy’ (przeworski 2019) relevant questions are, for instance,
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:1.4	div1	
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:1.4.1	p	this year’s “under construction” conference theme flags the need for transformative processes within the digital humanities. as the call for papers highlights, we find ourselves amidst societal and cultural transformations like never before. to arrive at the transformation that our discipline needs, we propose the following tentative steps.
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:1.4.2	p	these steps will make it possible to transform digital humanities into an applied digital humanities where the humanities perspective provides the purpose to address real-world challenges.
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:2	back	
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:2.1	bibliogr	
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:2.1.1	listBibl	
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:2.1.1.1	bibl	<hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="bold">brom, frans wa</hi>. 2019. “institutionalizing applied humanities: enabling a stronger role for the humanities in interdisciplinary research for public policy.” <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="italic">palgrave communications</hi> 5 (1). <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" target="https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0281-2">https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0281-2</ref>.
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:2.1.1.2	bibl	<hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="bold">burnett, amy, and richard nunes</hi>. 2021. "flatpack democracy: power and politics at the boundaries of transition." <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="italic">environmental policy and governance</hi> 31(3): 223-236. <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" target="https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1931">https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1931</ref>.
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:2.1.1.3	bibl	<hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="bold">carroll, stephanie, ibrahim garba, oscar figueroa-rodríguez, jarita holbrook, raymond lovett, simeon materechera, mark parsons, et al</hi>. 2020. “the care principles for indigenous data governance.” <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="italic">data science journal</hi> 19.
urn:cts:dhd:2025.lang_sabine_applied_digital_humanities_calling_for_a_more_e:2.1.1.4	bibl	<hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="bold">choudry, aziz</hi>. 2013. “activist research practice: exploring research and knowledge production for social action.” <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="italic">socialist studies/Études socialistes</hi>. <ref xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" target="https://doi.org/10.18740/s4g01k">https://doi.org/10.18740/s4g01k</ref> <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="value" xml:space="preserve">. </hi>
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