Als Ursprünge für das heutige Verständnis von Co-Design werden in der Forschungsliteratur Projekte partizipativen Designs in Skandinavien ab den 1970er Jahren genannt, in denen gemeinsam mit Beschäftigten verbesserte Arbeitsplätze entwickelt wurden <?biblio ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"gF7oEUa5","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sanders und Stappers 2008, 7)","plainCitation":"(Sanders und Stappers 2008, 7)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1983031/items/EL5Q7I3R"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/1983031/items/EL5Q7I3R"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"article-journal","title":"Co-creation and the new landscapes of design","container-title":"CoDesign","page":"5-18","volume":"4","issue":"1","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","DOI":"10.1080/15710880701875068","ISSN":"1571-0882, 1745-3755","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Sanders","given":"Elizabeth B.-N."},{"family":"Stappers","given":"Pieter Jan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2008",3]]}},"locator":"7"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" style="font-family:Calibri Light;font-size:9pt">(Sanders und Stappers 2008: 7)</hi>. Die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung zur Notwendigkeit von partizipativem Design lässt sich durch eine der ersten Konferenzen 1972 in Manchester belegen <?biblio ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"sxXNYwZ2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Cross und Design Research Society 1972)","plainCitation":"(Cross und Design Research Society 1972)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":302,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1983031/items/DX9JG8AX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/1983031/items/DX9JG8AX"],"itemData":{"id":302,"type":"book","title":"Design participation: proceedings of the Design Research Society's conference, Manchester, September 1971","publisher":"Academy Editions","publisher-place":"London","number-of-pages":"1","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","event-place":"London","ISBN":"978-0-902620-64-3","call-number":"TA174 .D48","editor":[{"family":"Cross","given":"Nigel"},{"family":"Design Research Society","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1972"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" style="font-family:Calibri Light;font-size:9pt">(Cross und Design Research Society 1972)</hi>. In beiden Fällen wird betont, dass das Erfolgsversprechen von partizipativem Design nur eingelöst werden kann, wenn Endnutzer*innen am gesamten Design-Prozess beteiligt sind. Als Vorteile einer solchen Herangehensweise werden u.a. in der Literatur eine gesteigerte Anzahl innovativer Ideen und Vorschläge von Nutzer*innen <?biblio ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ZysP9ZIc","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Mitchell u.//uc0//u160{}a. 2016)","plainCitation":"(Mitchell u. a. 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":225,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1983031/items/599D28UM"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/1983031/items/599D28UM"],"itemData":{"id":225,"type":"article-journal","title":"Empirical investigation of the impact of using co-design methods when generating proposals for sustainable travel solutions","container-title":"CoDesign","page":"205-220","volume":"12","issue":"4","source":"Crossref","DOI":"10.1080/15710882.2015.1091894","ISSN":"1571-0882, 1745-3755","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Mitchell","given":"Val"},{"family":"Ross","given":"Tracy"},{"family":"May","given":"Andrew"},{"family":"Sims","given":"Ruth"},{"family":"Parker","given":"Christopher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" style="font-family:Calibri Light;font-size:9pt">(Mitchell u. a. 2016)</hi>, ein erweitertes Wissen um ihre Bedürfnisse, der positive Einfluss auf interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit innerhalb der Organisation, eine höhere Qualität der Services sowie ein vermindertes Risiko des Scheiterns genannt. Zudem könnten Entscheidungen schneller und besser getroffen werden und somit die Entwicklungszeit verkürzen. Im Gesamtergebnis sei mit einer erhöhten Zufriedenheit und Bindung von Nutzer*innen zu rechnen <?biblio ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"9uVxEwB0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Steen, Manchot, und De Koning 2011)","plainCitation":"(Steen, Manchot, und De Koning 2011)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":152,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1983031/items/BJWVU3M5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/1983031/items/BJWVU3M5"],"itemData":{"id":152,"type":"article-journal","title":"Benefits of Co-design in Service Design Projects","container-title":"International Journal of Design","volume":"5","issue":"3","abstract":"International Journal of Design, IJDesign, IJD, SCI, SSCI, A&HCI, In many service design projects, co-design is seen as critical to success and a range of benefits are attributed to co-design. In this paper, we present an overview of benefits of co-design in service design projects, in order to help the people involved to articulate more precisely and realistically which benefits to aim for. Based on a literature review and a discussion of three service design projects, we identified three types of benefits: for the service design project; for the service’s customers or users; and for the organization(s) involved. These benefits are related to improving the creative process, the service, project management, or longer-term effects. We propose that the people involved in co-design first identify the goals of the service design project and then align their co-design activities, and the associated benefits, to these goals. The paper closes with a brief discussion on the need for developing ways to monitor and evaluate whether the intended benefits are indeed realized, and the need to assess and take into account the costs and risks of co-design.","URL":"http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/890/346","author":[{"family":"Steen","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Manchot","given":"Menno"},{"family":"De Koning","given":"Nicole"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,14]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" style="font-family:Calibri Light;font-size:9pt">(Steen, Manchot, und De Koning 2011)</hi>. Es wird eine möglichst frühe Einbindung der Nutzer*innen empfohlen, da somit zudem ein hohes Potential zur Kostenersparnis vermutet wird <?biblio ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"HlCLCVJ0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kujala 2003)","plainCitation":"(Kujala 2003)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":218,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/1983031/items/CM4W9X5S"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/1983031/items/CM4W9X5S"],"itemData":{"id":218,"type":"article-journal","title":"User involvement: A review of the benefits and challenges","container-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology","page":"1-16","volume":"22","issue":"1","source":"Crossref","DOI":"10.1080/01449290301782","ISSN":"0144-929X, 1362-3001","title-short":"User involvement","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Kujala","given":"Sari"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2003",1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}?><hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" style="font-family:Calibri Light;font-size:9pt">(Kujala 2003)</hi>.