<hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="color(#000000)">Second, NLP-based semantic enrichment of cultural heritage data collections begins to happen at scale. Several projects have successfully combined NLP and historical research interests to advance the study of historical newspaper collections using large scale semantic enrichments such as topic modelling, text reuse detection or named entity recognition, see e.g. </hi>(Langlais 2019; Doucet et al. 2020; Cordell and Smith 2024; Ahnert and Demertzi 2023; Impresso 2024) <hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rend="color(#000000)">. </hi>