<hi xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" style="font-size:11pt">In the analytical phase, our first task was to extract job titles from the advertisements. We compared four methods: a dictionary-based approach, linguistic structure analysis using parts-of-speech and dependency parsing, and machine-learning (ML) approaches, namely named entity recognition (NER) (Fig. 1) and text generation. Achieving similarly high accuracies with both ML approaches (Venglarova, Adam, and Vogeler 2024), this step enables us to observe changing trends of advertising certain jobs by relative frequencies.</hi>